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Read slot's block id under slot-lock. We release the slot-lock for bdev
read so, technically, slot still can get freed in the meantime, but at
least we will read bdev block (page) that holds previous know slot data,
not from slot->handle bdev block, which can be anything at that point.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-7-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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First, writeback bdev ->bitmap bits are set only from one context, as we
can have only one single task performing writeback, so we cannot race with
anything else. Remove retry path.
Second, we always check ZRAM_WB flag to distinguish writtenback slots, so
we should not confuse 0 bdev block index and 0 handle. We can use first
bdev block (0 bit) for writeback as well.
While at it, give functions slightly more accurate names, as we don't
alloc/free anything there, we reserve a block for async writeback or
release the block.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-6-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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We don't need wb_limit_lock. Writeback limit setters take an exclusive
write zram init_lock, while wb_limit modifications happen only from a
single task and under zram read init_lock. No concurrent wb_limit
modifications are possible (we permit only one post-processing task at a
time). Add lockdep assertions to wb_limit mutators.
While at it, fixup coding styles.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-5-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Write device attrs handlers should take write zram init_lock. While at
it, fixup coding styles.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-4-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Introduce writeback_batch_size device attribute so that the maximum number
of in-flight writeback bio requests can be configured at run-time
per-device. This essentially enables batched bio writeback.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-3-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Cc: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Patch series "zram: introduce writeback bio batching", v6.
As writeback is becoming more and more common the longstanding limitations
of zram writeback throughput are becoming more visible. Introduce
writeback bio batching so that multiple writeback bios can be processed
simultaneously.
This patch (of 6):
As was stated in a comment [1] a single page writeback IO is not
efficient, but it works. It's time to address this throughput limitation
as writeback becomes used more often. Introduce batched (multiple) bio
writeback support to take advantage of parallel requests processing and
better requests scheduling.
Approach used in this patch doesn't use a dedicated kthread like in [2],
or blk-plug like in [3]. Dedicated kthread adds complexity, which can be
avoided. Apart from that not all zram setups use writeback, so having
numerous per-device kthreads (on systems that create multiple zram
devices) hanging around is not the most optimal thing to do. blk-plug, on
the other hand, works best when request are sequential, which doesn't
particularly fit zram writebck IO patterns: zram writeback IO patterns are
expected to be random, due to how bdev block reservation/release are
handled. blk-plug approach also works in cycles: idle IO, when zram sets
up requests in a batch, is followed by bursts of IO, when zram submits the
entire batch.
Instead we use a batch of requests and submit new bio as soon as one of
the in-flight requests completes.
For the time being the writeback batch size (maximum number of in-flight
bio requests) is set to 32 for all devices. A follow up patch adds a
writeback_batch_size device attribute, so the batch size becomes run-time
configurable.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20251122074029.3948921-2-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20181203024045.153534-6-minchan@kernel.org/ [1]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20250731064949.1690732-1-richardycc@google.com/ [2]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/tencent_78FC2C4FE16BA1EBAF0897DB60FCD675ED05@qq.com/ [3]
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Co-developed-by: Yuwen Chen <ywen.chen@foxmail.com>
Co-developed-by: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Suggested-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@google.com>
Cc: Brian Geffon <bgeffon@google.com>
Cc: Richard Chang <richardycc@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The zloop driver advertises REQ_NOWAIT support through BLK_FEAT_NOWAIT
(enabled by default for all blk-mq devices), and honors the nowait
behavior throughout zloop_queue_rq().
However, actual I/O to the backing file is performed in a workqueue,
where blocking is allowed.
To avoid imposing unnecessary non-blocking constraints in this blocking
context, clear the REQ_NOWAIT flag before processing the request in the
workqueue context.
Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <ckulkarnilinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The loop driver advertises REQ_NOWAIT support through BLK_FEAT_NOWAIT
(enabled by default for all blk-mq devices), and honors the nowait
behavior throughout loop_queue_rq().
However, actual I/O to the backing file is performed in a workqueue,
where blocking is allowed.
To avoid imposing unnecessary non-blocking constraints in this blocking
context, clear the REQ_NOWAIT flag before processing the request in the
workqueue context.
Signed-off-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <ckulkarnilinux@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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While commit cf28f6f923cb ("zloop: fail zone append operations that are
targeting full zones") added a check in zloop_rw() that a zone append is
not issued to a full zone, commit e3a96ca90462 ("zloop: simplify checks
for writes to sequential zones") inadvertently removed the check to
verify that there is enough unwritten space in a zone for an incoming
zone append opration.
Re-add this check in zloop_rw() to make sure we do not write beyond the
end of a zone. Of note is that this same check is already present in the
function zloop_set_zone_append_sector() when ordered zone append is in
use.
Reported-by: Hans Holmberg <Hans.Holmberg@wdc.com>
Fixes: e3a96ca90462 ("zloop: simplify checks for writes to sequential zones")
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add hint for using IOCB_NOWAIT to handle loop aio command for avoiding
to cause write(especially randwrite) perf regression on sparse backed file.
Try IOCB_NOWAIT in the following situations:
- backing file is block device
OR
- READ aio command
OR
- there isn't any queued blocking async WRITEs, because NOWAIT won't cause
contention with blocking WRITE, which often implies exclusive lock
With this simple policy, perf regression of randwrite/write on sparse
backing file is fixed.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/dm-devel/7d6ae2c9-df8e-50d0-7ad6-b787cb3cfab4@redhat.com/
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Try to handle loop aio command via NOWAIT IO first, then we can avoid to
queue the aio command into workqueue. This is usually one big win in
case that FS block mapping is stable, Mikulas verified [1] that this way
improves IO perf by close to 5X in 12jobs sequential read/write test,
in which FS block mapping is just stable.
Fallback to workqueue in case of -EAGAIN. This way may bring a little
cost from the 1st retry, but when running the following write test over
loop/sparse_file, the actual effect on randwrite is obvious:
```
truncate -s 4G 1.img #1.img is created on XFS/virtio-scsi
losetup -f 1.img --direct-io=on
fio --direct=1 --bs=4k --runtime=40 --time_based --numjobs=1 --ioengine=libaio \
--iodepth=16 --group_reporting=1 --filename=/dev/loop0 -name=job --rw=$RW
```
- RW=randwrite: obvious IOPS drop observed
- RW=write: a little drop(%5 - 10%)
This perf drop on randwrite over sparse file will be addressed in the
following patch.
BLK_MQ_F_BLOCKING has to be set for calling into .read_iter() or .write_iter()
which might sleep even though it is NOWAIT, and the only effect is that rcu read
lock is replaced with srcu read lock.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/a8e5c76a-231f-07d1-a394-847de930f638@redhat.com/ [1]
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Move loop command blkcg/memcg initialization into loop_queue_work,
and prepare for supporting to handle loop io command by IOCB_NOWAIT.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Refactor lo_rw_aio() by extracting the I/O submission logic into a new
helper function lo_submit_rw_aio(). This further improves code organization
by separating the I/O preparation, submission, and completion handling into
distinct phases.
Prepare for using NOWAIT to improve loop performance.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add helper lo_rw_aio_prep() to separate the preparation phase(setting up bio
vectors and initializing the iocb structure) from the actual I/O execution
in the loop block driver.
Prepare for using NOWAIT to improve loop performance.
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add lo_cmd_nr_bvec() and prepare for refactoring lo_rw_aio().
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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W=1 build warns because the bitmap I/O comments use '/**', which
marks them as kernel-doc comments even though these functions do not
document an external API.
Convert these comments to regular block comments so kernel-doc no
longer parses them.
Signed-off-by: Sukrut Heroorkar <hsukrut3@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Christoph Böhmwalder <christoph.boehmwalder@linbit.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The zone append operation processing for zloop devices is similar to any
other command, that is, the operation is processed as a command work
item, without any special serialization between the work items (beside
the zone mutex for mutually exclusive code sections).
This processing is fine and gives excellent performance. However, it has
a side effect: zone append operation are very often reordered and
processed in a sequence that is very different from their issuing order
by the user. This effect is very visible using an XFS file system on top
of a zloop device. A simple file write leads to many file extents as the
data writes using zone append are reordered and so result in the
physical order being different than the file logical order.
E.g. executing:
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/test bs=1M count=10 && sync
$ xfs_bmap /mnt/test
/mnt/test:
0: [0..4095]: 2162688..2166783
1: [4096..6143]: 2168832..2170879
2: [6144..8191]: 2166784..2168831
3: [8192..10239]: 2170880..2172927
4: [10240..12287]: 2174976..2177023
5: [12288..14335]: 2172928..2174975
6: [14336..20479]: 2177024..2183167
For 10 IOs, 6 extents are created.
This is fine and actually allows to exercise XFS zone garbage collection
very well. However, this also makes debugging/working on XFS data
placement harder as the underlying device will most of the time reorder
IOs, resulting in many file extents.
Allow a user to mitigate this with the new ordered_zone_append
configuration parameter. For a zloop device created with this parameter
specified, the sector of a zone append command is set early, when the
command is submitted by the block layer with the zloop_queue_rq()
function, instead of in the zloop_rw() function which is exectued later
in the command work item context. This change ensures that more often
than not, zone append operations data end up being written in the same
order as the command submission by the user.
In the case of XFS, this leads to far less file data extents. E.g., for
the previous example, we get a single file data extent for the written
file.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/test bs=1M count=10 && sync
$ xfs_bmap /mnt/test
/mnt/test:
0: [0..20479]: 2162688..2183167
Since we cannot use a mutex in the context of the zloop_queue_rq()
function to atomically set a zone append operation sector to the target
zone write pointer location and increment that the write pointer, a new
per-zone spinlock is introduced to protect a zone write pointer access
and modifications. To check a zone write pointer location and set a zone
append operation target sector to that value, the function
zloop_set_zone_append_sector() is introduced and called from
zloop_queue_rq().
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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A zloop zoned block device declares to the block layer that it supports
zone append operations. That is, a zloop device ressembles an NVMe ZNS
devices supporting zone append.
This native support is fine but it does not allow exercising the block
layer zone write plugging emulation of zone append, as is done with SCSI
or ATA SMR HDDs.
Introduce the zone_append configuration parameter to allow creating a
zloop device without native support for zone append, thus relying on the
block layer zone append emulation. If not specified, zone append support
is enabled by default. Otherwise, a value of 0 disables native zone
append and a value of 1 enables it.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The function zloop_rw() already checks early that a request is fully
contained within the target zone. So this check does not need to be done
again for regular writes to sequential zones. Furthermore, since zone
append operations are always directed to the zone write pointer
location, we do not need to check for their alignment to that value
after setting it. So turn the "if" checking the write pointer alignment
into an "else if".
While at it, improve the comment describing the write pointer
modification and how this value is corrected in case of error.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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zloop_rw() will fail any regular write operation that targets a full
sequential zone. The check for this is indirect and achieved by checking
the write pointer alignment of the write operation. But this check is
ineffective for zone append operations since these are alwasy
automatically directed at a zone write pointer.
Prevent zone append operations from being executed in a full zone with
an explicit check of the zone condition.
Fixes: eb0570c7df23 ("block: new zoned loop block device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The write pointer of zones that are in the full condition is always
invalid. Reflect that fact by setting the write pointer of full zones
to ULLONG_MAX.
Fixes: eb0570c7df23 ("block: new zoned loop block device driver")
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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For years I wondered why the floppy driver does not just work on
sparc64, e.g:
root@SUNW_375_0066:# disktype /dev/fd0
disktype: Can't open /dev/fd0: No such device or address
[ 525.341906] disktype: attempt to access beyond end of device
fd0: rw=0, sector=0, nr_sectors = 16 limit=8
[ 525.341991] floppy: error 10 while reading block 0
Turns out floppy.c __floppy_read_block_0 tries to read one page for
the first test read to determine the disk size and thus fails if that
is greater than 4k. Adjust minimum MAX_DISK_SIZE to PAGE_SIZE to fix
floppy on sparc64 and likely all other PAGE_SIZE != 4KB configs.
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: René Rebe <rene@exactco.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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With 6e0a48552b8c (ps3disk: use memcpy_{from,to}_bvec) converting
ps3disk to new bvec helpers, incrementing the offset was accidently
lost, corrupting consecutive buffers. Restore index for non-corrupted
data transfers.
Fixes: 6e0a48552b8c (ps3disk: use memcpy_{from,to}_bvec)
Signed-off-by: René Rebe <rene@exactco.de>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Fix up the divisor calculating the number of zone sectors being read and
handle a read that straddles the zone write pointer. The length is
rounded up a sector boundary, so be sure to truncate any excess bytes
off to avoid copying past the data segment.
Fixes: 3451cf34f51bb70 ("null_blk: allow byte aligned memory offsets")
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Bart van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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ublk_map_io() and ublk_unmap_io() never return negative values, and
their return values are stored in variables of type unsigned. Clarify
that they can't fail by making their return types unsigned.
Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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ub = iocb->ki_filp->private_data cannot be NULL, as it's set in
ublk_ch_open() before it returns succesfully. req->mq_hctx cannot be
NULL as any inflight ublk request must belong to some queue. And
req->mq_hctx->driver_data cannot be NULL as it's set to the ublk_queue
pointer in ublk_init_hctx(). So drop the unnecessary checks.
Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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There is one use-after-free warning when running NBD_CMD_CONNECT and
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:
nbd_genl_connect
nbd_alloc_and_init_config // config_refs=1
nbd_start_device // config_refs=2
set NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF open nbd // config_refs=3
recv_work done // config_refs=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // config_refs=1
close nbd // config_refs=0
refcount_inc -> uaf
------------[ cut here ]------------
refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free.
WARNING: CPU: 24 PID: 1014 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x12e/0x290
nbd_genl_connect+0x16d0/0x1ab0
genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x1f3/0x310
genl_rcv_msg+0x44a/0x790
The issue can be easily reproduced by adding a small delay before
refcount_inc(&nbd->config_refs) in nbd_genl_connect():
mutex_unlock(&nbd->config_lock);
if (!ret) {
set_bit(NBD_RT_HAS_CONFIG_REF, &config->runtime_flags);
+ printk("before sleep\n");
+ mdelay(5 * 1000);
+ printk("after sleep\n");
refcount_inc(&nbd->config_refs);
nbd_connect_reply(info, nbd->index);
}
Fixes: e46c7287b1c2 ("nbd: add a basic netlink interface")
Signed-off-by: Zheng Qixing <zhengqixing@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai@fnnas.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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There is one uaf issue in recv_work when running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK and
NBD_CMD_RECONFIGURE:
nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2 (connect and recv_work A)
nbd_open // conf_ref=3
recv_work A done // conf_ref=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=1
nbd_genl_reconfigure // conf_ref=2 (trigger recv_work B)
close nbd // conf_ref=1
recv_work B
config_put // conf_ref=0
atomic_dec(&config->recv_threads); -> UAF
Or only running NBD_CLEAR_SOCK:
nbd_genl_connect // conf_ref=2
nbd_open // conf_ref=3
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_ref=2
close nbd
nbd_release
config_put // conf_ref=1
recv_work
config_put // conf_ref=0
atomic_dec(&config->recv_threads); -> UAF
Commit 87aac3a80af5 ("nbd: call nbd_config_put() before notifying the
waiter") moved nbd_config_put() to run before waking up the waiter in
recv_work, in order to ensure that nbd_start_device_ioctl() would not
be woken up while nbd->task_recv was still uncleared.
However, in nbd_start_device_ioctl(), after being woken up it explicitly
calls flush_workqueue() to make sure all current works are finished.
Therefore, there is no need to move the config put ahead of the wakeup.
Move nbd_config_put() to the end of recv_work, so that the reference is
held for the whole lifetime of the worker thread. This makes sure the
config cannot be freed while recv_work is still running, even if clear
+ reconfigure interleave.
In addition, we don't need to worry about recv_work dropping the last
nbd_put (which causes deadlock):
path A (netlink with NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):
connect // nbd_refs=1 (trigger recv_work)
open nbd // nbd_refs=2
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK
close nbd
nbd_release
nbd_disconnect_and_put
flush_workqueue // recv_work done
nbd_config_put
nbd_put // nbd_refs=1
nbd_put // nbd_refs=0
queue_work
path B (netlink without NBD_CFLAG_DESTROY_ON_DISCONNECT):
connect // nbd_refs=2 (trigger recv_work)
open nbd // nbd_refs=3
NBD_CLEAR_SOCK // conf_refs=2
close nbd
nbd_release
nbd_config_put // conf_refs=1
nbd_put // nbd_refs=2
recv_work done // conf_refs=0, nbd_refs=1
rmmod // nbd_refs=0
Reported-by: syzbot+56fbf4c7ddf65e95c7cc@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/6907edce.a70a0220.37351b.0014.GAE@google.com/T/
Fixes: 87aac3a80af5 ("nbd: make the config put is called before the notifying the waiter")
Depends-on: e2daec488c57 ("nbd: Fix hungtask when nbd_config_put")
Signed-off-by: Zheng Qixing <zhengqixing@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The vblk->vqs releases during freeze. If resume fails before vblk->vqs
is allocated, later freeze/remove may attempt to free vqs again.
Set vblk->vqs to NULL after freeing to avoid double free.
Signed-off-by: Cong Zhang <cong.zhang@oss.qualcomm.com>
Acked-by: Jason Wang <jasowang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Allowing byte aligned memory provides a nice testing ground for
direct-io.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Rather than kmap the the request bio segment for each sector, do
the mapping just once.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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No need to mix errno and blk_status_t error types. Just use the standard
block layer type.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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It always returns success, so the code that saves the errors status, but
proceeds without checking it looks a bit odd. Clean this up.
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Tested-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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ublk_advance_io_iter() and ublk_copy_io_pages() currently open-code the
iteration over the request's bvecs. Switch to the rq_for_each_segment()
macro provided by blk-mq to avoid reaching into the bio internals and
simplify the code.
Suggested-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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ublk_copy_user_pages()/ublk_copy_io_pages() currently uses
iov_iter_get_pages2() to extract the pages from the iov_iter and
memcpy()s between the bvec_iter and the iov_iter's pages one at a time.
Switch to using copy_to_iter()/copy_from_iter() instead. This avoids the
user page reference count increments and decrements and needing to split
the memcpy() at user page boundaries. It also simplifies the code
considerably.
Ming reports a 40% throughput improvement when issuing I/O to the
selftests null ublk server with zero-copy disabled.
Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Cross-merge networking fixes after downstream PR (net-6.18-rc5).
Conflicts:
drivers/net/wireless/ath/ath12k/mac.c
9222582ec524 ("Revert "wifi: ath12k: Fix missing station power save configuration"")
6917e268c433 ("wifi: ath12k: Defer vdev bring-up until CSA finalize to avoid stale beacon")
https://lore.kernel.org/11cece9f7e36c12efd732baa5718239b1bf8c950.camel@sipsolutions.net
Adjacent changes:
drivers/net/ethernet/intel/Kconfig
b1d16f7c0063 ("libie: depend on DEBUG_FS when building LIBIE_FWLOG")
93f53db9f9dc ("ice: switch to Page Pool")
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Update call sites in the block subsystem to import `ARef` and
`AlwaysRefCounted` from `sync::aref` instead of `types`.
This aligns with the ongoing effort to move `ARef` and
`AlwaysRefCounted` to sync.
Suggested-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/1173
Signed-off-by: Shankari Anand <shankari.ak0208@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Commit b76b840fd933 ("dm: Fix dm-zoned-reclaim zone write pointer
alignment") introduced an indirect call for the callback function of a
report zones executed with blkdev_report_zones(). This is necessary so
that the function disk_zone_wplug_sync_wp_offset() can be called to
refresh a zone write plug zone write pointer offset after a write error.
However, this solution makes following the path of a zone information
harder to understand.
Clean this up by introducing the new blk_report_zones_args structure to
define a zone report callback and its private data and introduce the
helper function disk_report_zone() which calls both
disk_zone_wplug_sync_wp_offset() and the zone report user callback
function for all zones of a zone report. This helper function must be
called by all block device drivers that implement the report zones
block operation in order to correctly report a zone information.
All block device drivers supporting the report_zones block operation are
updated to use this new scheme.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <dlemoal@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Update all struct proto_ops connect() callback function prototypes from
"struct sockaddr *" to "struct sockaddr_unsized *" to avoid lying to the
compiler about object sizes. Calls into struct proto handlers gain casts
that will be removed in the struct proto conversion patch.
No binary changes expected.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251104002617.2752303-3-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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Update all struct proto_ops bind() callback function prototypes from
"struct sockaddr *" to "struct sockaddr_unsized *" to avoid lying to the
compiler about object sizes. Calls into struct proto handlers gain casts
that will be removed in the struct proto conversion patch.
No binary changes expected.
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <kees@kernel.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251104002617.2752303-2-kees@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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No need to copy kernel credentials.
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251103-work-creds-init_cred-v1-6-cb3ec8711a6a@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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Convert ublk_queue to use struct_size() for allocation.
Changes in this commit:
1. Update ublk_init_queue() to use struct_size(ubq, ios, depth)
instead of manual size calculation (sizeof(struct ublk_queue) +
depth * sizeof(struct ublk_io)).
This provides better type safety and makes the code more maintainable
by using standard kernel macro for flexible array handling.
Meantime annotate ublk_queue.ios by __counted_by().
Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Implement NUMA-friendly memory allocation for ublk driver to improve
performance on multi-socket systems.
This commit includes the following changes:
1. Rename __queues to queues, dropping the __ prefix since the field is
now accessed directly throughout the codebase rather than only through
the ublk_get_queue() helper.
2. Remove the queue_size field from struct ublk_device as it is no longer
needed.
3. Move queue allocation and deallocation into ublk_init_queue() and
ublk_deinit_queue() respectively, improving encapsulation. This
simplifies ublk_init_queues() and ublk_deinit_queues() to just
iterate and call the per-queue functions.
4. Add ublk_get_queue_numa_node() helper function to determine the
appropriate NUMA node for a queue by finding the first CPU mapped
to that queue via tag_set.map[HCTX_TYPE_DEFAULT].mq_map[] and
converting it to a NUMA node using cpu_to_node(). This function is
called internally by ublk_init_queue() to determine the allocation
node.
5. Allocate each queue structure on its local NUMA node using
kvzalloc_node() in ublk_init_queue().
6. Allocate the I/O command buffer on the same NUMA node using
alloc_pages_node().
This reduces memory access latency on multi-socket NUMA systems by
ensuring each queue's data structures are local to the CPUs that
access them.
Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Move ublk_add_tag_set() before ublk_init_queues() in the device
initialization path. This allows us to use the blk-mq CPU-to-queue
mapping established by the tag_set to determine the appropriate
NUMA node for each queue allocation.
The error handling paths are also reordered accordingly.
Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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io_uring task work dispatch makes an indirect call to struct io_kiocb's
io_task_work.func field to allow running arbitrary task work functions.
In the uring_cmd case, this calls io_uring_cmd_work(), which immediately
makes another indirect call to struct io_uring_cmd's task_work_cb field.
Change the uring_cmd task work callbacks to functions whose signatures
match io_req_tw_func_t. Add a function io_uring_cmd_from_tw() to convert
from the task work's struct io_tw_req argument to struct io_uring_cmd *.
Define a constant IO_URING_CMD_TASK_WORK_ISSUE_FLAGS to avoid
manufacturing issue_flags in the uring_cmd task work callbacks. Now
uring_cmd task work dispatch makes a single indirect call to the
uring_cmd implementation's callback. This also allows removing the
task_work_cb field from struct io_uring_cmd, freeing up 8 bytes for
future storage.
Since fuse_uring_send_in_task() now has access to the io_tw_token_t,
check its cancel field directly instead of relying on the
IO_URING_F_TASK_DEAD issue flag.
Signed-off-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Use kmap_local_page() instead of kmap() to avoid
CPU contention.
kmap() uses a global set of mapping slots that can cause contention
between multiple CPUs, while kmap_local_page() uses per-CPU slots
eliminating this contention. It also ensures non-sleeping operation
and provides better cache locality.
Convert kmap() to kmap_local_page() as it aligns with ongoing
kernel efforts to modernize kmap() usage for better multi-core
scalability.
Signed-off-by: Shi Hao <i.shihao.999@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- Fix blk-crypto reporting EIO when EINVAL is the correct error code
- Two bug fixes for the block zone support
- NVME pull request via Keith:
- Target side authentication fixup
- Peer-to-peer metadata fixup
- null_blk DMA alignment fix
* tag 'block-6.18-20251031' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux:
null_blk: set dma alignment to logical block size
blk-crypto: use BLK_STS_INVAL for alignment errors
block: make REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN a write operation
block: fix op_is_zone_mgmt() to handle REQ_OP_ZONE_RESET_ALL
nvme-pci: use blk_map_iter for p2p metadata
nvmet-auth: update sc_c in host response
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This driver assumes that bio vectors are memory aligned to the logical
block size, so set the queue limit to reflect that.
Unless we set up the limit based on the logical block size, we will go
out of page bounds in copy_to_nullb / copy_from_nullb.
Apparently this wasn't noticed so far because none of the tests generate
such buffers, but since commit 851c4c96db00 ("xfs: implement
XFS_IOC_DIOINFO in terms of vfs_getattr") xfstests generates unaligned
I/O, which now lead to memory corruption when using null_blk devices
with 4k block size.
Fixes: bf8d08532bc1 ("iomap: add support for dma aligned direct-io")
Fixes: b1a000d3b8ec ("block: relax direct io memory alignment")
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Hans Holmberg <hans.holmberg@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux
Pull block fixes from Jens Axboe:
- Fix dma alignment for PI
- Fix selinux bogosity with nbd, where sendmsg would get rejected
* tag 'block-6.18-20251023' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/axboe/linux:
block: require LBA dma_alignment when using PI
nbd: override creds to kernel when calling sock_{send,recv}msg()
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sock_{send,recv}msg() internally calls security_socket_{send,recv}msg(),
which does security checks (e.g. SELinux) for socket access against the
current task. However, _sock_xmit() in drivers/block/nbd.c may be called
indirectly from a userspace syscall, where the NBD socket access would
be incorrectly checked against the calling userspace task (which simply
tries to read/write a file that happens to reside on an NBD device).
To fix this, temporarily override creds to kernel ones before calling
the sock_*() functions. This allows the security modules to recognize
this as internal access by the kernel, which will normally be allowed.
A way to trigger the issue is to do the following (on a system with
SELinux set to enforcing):
### Create nbd device:
truncate -s 256M /tmp/testfile
nbd-server localhost:10809 /tmp/testfile
### Connect to the nbd server:
nbd-client localhost
### Create mdraid array
mdadm --create -l 1 -n 2 /dev/md/testarray /dev/nbd0 missing
After these steps, assuming the SELinux policy doesn't allow the
unexpected access pattern, errors will be visible on the kernel console:
[ 142.204243] nbd0: detected capacity change from 0 to 524288
[ 165.189967] md: async del_gendisk mode will be removed in future, please upgrade to mdadm-4.5+
[ 165.252299] md/raid1:md127: active with 1 out of 2 mirrors
[ 165.252725] md127: detected capacity change from 0 to 522240
[ 165.255434] block nbd0: Send control failed (result -13)
[ 165.255718] block nbd0: Request send failed, requeueing
[ 165.256006] block nbd0: Dead connection, failed to find a fallback
[ 165.256041] block nbd0: Receive control failed (result -32)
[ 165.256423] block nbd0: shutting down sockets
[ 165.257196] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.257736] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.258263] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.259376] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.259920] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.260628] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.261661] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[ 165.262108] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.262769] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.263697] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.264412] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.265412] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.265872] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.266378] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 2048 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.267168] Buffer I/O error on dev md127, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.267564] md127: unable to read partition table
[ 165.269581] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.269960] Buffer I/O error on dev nbd0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.270316] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.270913] Buffer I/O error on dev nbd0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.271253] I/O error, dev nbd0, sector 0 op 0x0:(READ) flags 0x0 phys_seg 1 prio class 2
[ 165.271809] Buffer I/O error on dev nbd0, logical block 0, async page read
[ 165.272074] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[ 165.272360] nbd0: unable to read partition table
[ 165.289004] ldm_validate_partition_table(): Disk read failed.
[ 165.289614] nbd0: unable to read partition table
The corresponding SELinux denial on Fedora/RHEL will look like this
(assuming it's not silenced):
type=AVC msg=audit(1758104872.510:116): avc: denied { write } for pid=1908 comm="mdadm" laddr=::1 lport=32772 faddr=::1 fport=10809 scontext=system_u:system_r:mdadm_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tcontext=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tclass=tcp_socket permissive=0
The respective backtrace looks like this:
@security[mdadm, -13,
handshake_exit+221615650
handshake_exit+221615650
handshake_exit+221616465
security_socket_sendmsg+5
sock_sendmsg+106
handshake_exit+221616150
sock_sendmsg+5
__sock_xmit+162
nbd_send_cmd+597
nbd_handle_cmd+377
nbd_queue_rq+63
blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list+653
__blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched+184
__blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+333
blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+38
blk_mq_run_hw_queue+239
blk_mq_dispatch_plug_list+382
blk_mq_flush_plug_list.part.0+55
__blk_flush_plug+241
__submit_bio+353
submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+364
submit_bio_wait+84
__blkdev_direct_IO_simple+232
blkdev_read_iter+162
vfs_read+591
ksys_read+95
do_syscall_64+92
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+120
]: 1
The issue has started to appear since commit 060406c61c7c ("block: add
plug while submitting IO").
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2348878
Fixes: 060406c61c7c ("block: add plug while submitting IO")
Signed-off-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
Acked-by: Stephen Smalley <stephen.smalley.work@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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