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The sample program, as written, would no longer build for at least two
reasons:
- Since this document was first written, the convention to call a
subcommand implementation has changed, and cmd_psuh() now needs
to accept the fourth parameter, repository.
- These days, compiler warning options for developers include one
that detects and complains about unused parameters, so ones that
are deliberately unused have to be marked as such.
Update the old-style examples to adjust to the current practices,
with explanations as needed.
Signed-off-by: K Jayatheerth <jayatheerthkulkarni2005@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The git-mentoring group was initially created to help newcomers
with their development itches. However, in practice,
most of their questions were already being addressed
directly on the mailing list, and contributors consistently
received helpful responses there.
Remove the mentoring group details from the Documentation.
Signed-off-by: K Jayatheerth <jayatheerthkulkarni2005@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Git Forges may be interested in whether two branches can be merged while
not being interested in what the resulting merge tree is nor which files
conflicted. For such cases, add a new --quiet flag which
will make use of the new mergeability_only flag added to merge-ort in
the previous commit. This option allows the merge machinery to, in the
outer layer of the merge:
* exit early when a conflict is detected
* avoid writing (most) merged blobs/trees to the object store
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Git Forges may be interested in whether two branches can be merged while
not being interested in what the resulting merge tree is nor which files
conflicted. For such cases, add a new mergeability_only option. This
option allows the merge machinery to, in the "outer layer" of the merge:
* exit upon first[-ish] conflict
* avoid (not prevent) writing merged blobs/trees to the object store
I have a number of qualifiers there, so let me explain each:
"outer layer":
Note that since the recursive merge of merge bases (corresponding to
call_depth > 0) can conflict without the outer final merge
(corresponding to call_depth == 0) conflicting, we can't short-circuit
nor avoid writing merged blobs/trees to the object store during those
inner merges.
"first-ish conflict":
The current patch only exits early from process_entries() on the first
conflict it detects, but conflicts could have been detected in a
previous function call, namely detect_and_process_renames(). However:
* conflicts detected by detect_and_process_renames() are quite rare
conflict types
* the detection would still come after regular rename detection
(which is the expensive part of detect_and_process_renames()), so
it is not saving us much in computation time given that
process_entries() directly follows detect_and_process_renames()
* [this overlaps with the next bullet point] process_entries() is the
place where virtually all object writing occurs (object writing is
sometimes more of a concern for Forges than computation time), so
exiting early here isn't saving us much in object writes either
* the code changes needed to handle an earlier exit are slightly
more invasive in detect_and_process_renames() than for
process_entries().
Given the rareness of the even earlier conflicts, the limited savings
we'd get from exiting even earlier, and in an attempt to keep this
patch simpler, we don't guarantee that we actually exit on the first
conflict detected. We can always revisit this decision later if we
decide that a further micro-optimization to exit slightly earlier in
rare cases is worthwhile.
"avoid (not prevent) writing objects":
The detect_and_process_renames() call can also write objects to the
object store, when rename/rename conflicts involve one (or more) files
that have also been modified on both sides. Because of this alternate
call path leading to handle_content_merges(), our "early exit" does not
prevent writing objects entirely, even within the "outer layer"
(i.e. even within call_depth == 0). I figure that's fine though, since
we're already writing objects for the inner merges (i.e. for call_depth
> 0), which are likely going to represent vastly more objects than files
involved in rename/rename+modify/modify cases in the outer merge, on
average.
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Every once in a while, users report that editing the commit summaries
in the todo list does not get reflected in the rebase operation,
suggesting that users are (a) only using one-line commit messages, and
(b) not understanding that the commit summaries are merely helpful
comments to help them find the right hashes.
It may be difficult to correct users' poor commit messages, but we can
at least try to make it clearer that the commit summaries are not
directives of some sort by inserting a comment character. Hopefully
that leads to them looking a little further and noticing the hints at
the bottom to use 'reword' or 'edit' directives.
Yes, this change may look funny at first since it hardcodes '#' rather
than using comment_line_str. However:
* comment_line_str exists to allow disambiguation between lines in
a commit message and lines that are instructions to users editing
the commit message. No such disambiguation is needed for these
comments that occur on the same line after existing directives
* the exact "comment" character(s) on regular pick lines used aren't
actually important; I could have used anything, including completely
random variable length text for each line and it'd work because we
ignore everything after 'pick' and the hash.
* The whole point of this change is to signal to users that they
should NOT be editing any part of the line after the hash (and if
they do so, their edits will be ignored), while the whole point of
comment_line_str is to allow highly flexible editing. So making
it more general by using comment_line_str actually feels
counterproductive.
* The character for merge directives absolutely must be '#'; that
has been deeply hardcoded for a long time (see below), and will
break if some other comment character is used instead. In a
desire to have pick and merge directives be similar, I use the
same comment character for both.
* Perhaps merge directives could be fixed to not be inflexible about
the comment character used, if someone feels highly motivated, but
I think that should be done in a separate follow-on patch.
Here are (some of?) the locations where '#' has already been hardcoded
for a long time for merges:
1) In check_label_or_ref_arg():
case TODO_LABEL:
/*
* '#' is not a valid label as the merge command uses it to
* separate merge parents from the commit subject.
*/
2) In do_merge():
/*
* For octopus merges, the arg starts with the list of revisions to be
* merged. The list is optionally followed by '#' and the oneline.
*/
merge_arg_len = oneline_offset = arg_len;
for (p = arg; p - arg < arg_len; p += strspn(p, " \t\n")) {
if (!*p)
break;
if (*p == '#' && (!p[1] || isspace(p[1]))) {
3) In label_oid():
if ((buf->len == the_hash_algo->hexsz &&
!get_oid_hex(label, &dummy)) ||
(buf->len == 1 && *label == '#') ||
hashmap_get_from_hash(&state->labels,
strihash(label), label)) {
/*
* If the label already exists, or if the label is a
* valid full OID, or the label is a '#' (which we use
* as a separator between merge heads and oneline), we
* append a dash and a number to make it unique.
*/
Signed-off-by: Elijah Newren <newren@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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There does not appear to be anything particularly incompatible about the
--shallow and --path-walk options of 'git pack-objects'. If shallow
commits are to be handled differently, then it is by the revision walk
that defines the commit set and which are interesting or uninteresting.
However, before the previous change, a trivial removal of the warning
would cause a failure in t5500-fetch-pack.sh when
GIT_TEST_PACK_PATH_WALK is enabled. The shallow fetch would provide more
objects than we desired, due to some incorrect behavior of the path-walk
API, especially around walking uninteresting objects.
The recently-added tests in t5538-push-shallow.sh help to confirm this
behavior is working with the --path-walk option if
GIT_TEST_PACK_PATH_WALK is enabled. These tests passed previously due to
the --path-walk feature being disabled in the presence of a shallow
clone.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In preparation for allowing both the --shallow and --path-walk options
in the 'git pack-objects' builtin, create a new 'edge_aggressive' option
in the path-walk API. This option will help walk the boundary more
thoroughly and help avoid sending extra objects during fetches and
pushes.
The only use of the 'edge_hint_aggressive' option in the revision API is
within mark_edges_uninteresting(), which is usually called before
between prepare_revision_walk() and before visiting commits with
get_revision(). In prepare_revision_walk(), the UNINTERESTING commits
are walked until a boundary is found.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Adapting the implementation of ll_find_deltas(), create a threaded
version of the --path-walk compression step in 'git pack-objects'.
This involves adding a 'regions' member to the thread_params struct,
allowing each thread to own a section of paths. We can simplify the way
jobs are split because there is no value in extending the batch based on
name-hash the way sections of the object entry array are attempted to be
grouped. We re-use the 'list_size' and 'remaining' items for the purpose
of borrowing work in progress from other "victim" threads when a thread
has finished its batch of work more quickly.
Using the Git repository as a test repo, the p5313 performance test
shows that the resulting size of the repo is the same, but the threaded
implementation gives gains of varying degrees depending on the number of
objects being packed. (This was tested on a 16-core machine.)
Test HEAD~1 HEAD
---------------------------------------------------
5313.20: big pack 2.38 1.99 -16.4%
5313.21: big pack size 16.1M 16.0M -0.2%
5313.24: repack 107.32 45.41 -57.7%
5313.25: repack size 213.3M 213.2M -0.0%
(Test output is formatted to better fit in message.)
This ~60% reduction in 'git repack --path-walk' time is typical across
all repos I used for testing. What is interesting is to compare when the
overall time improves enough to outperform the --name-hash-version=1
case. These time improvements correlate with repositories with data
shapes that significantly improve their data size as well. The
--path-walk feature frequently takes longer than --name-hash-version=2,
trading some extra computation for some additional compression. The
natural place where this additional computation comes from is the two
compression passes that --path-walk takes, though the first pass is
naturally faster due to the path boundaries avoiding a number of delta
compression attempts.
For example, the microsoft/fluentui repo has significant size reduction
from --name-hash-version=1 to --name-hash-version=2 followed by further
improvements with --path-walk. The threaded computation makes
--path-walk more competitive in time compared to --name-hash-version=2,
though still ~31% more expensive in that metric.
Repack Method Pack Size Time
------------------------------------------
Hash v1 439.4M 87.24s
Hash v2 161.7M 21.51s
Path Walk (Before) 142.5M 81.29s
Path Walk (After) 142.5M 28.16s
Similar results hold for the Git repository:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
------------------------------------------
Hash v1 248.8M 30.44s
Hash v2 249.0M 30.15s
Path Walk (Before) 213.2M 142.50s
Path Walk (After) 213.3M 45.41s
...as well as the nodejs/node repository:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
------------------------------------------
Hash v1 739.9M 71.18s
Hash v2 764.6M 67.82s
Path Walk (Before) 698.1M 208.10s
Path Walk (After) 698.0M 75.10s
Finally, the Linux kernel repository is a good test for this repacking
time change, even though the space savings is more subtle:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
------------------------------------------
Hash v1 2.5G 554.41s
Hash v2 2.5G 549.62s
Path Walk (before) 2.2G 1562.36s
Path Walk (before) 2.2G 559.00s
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Previously, the --path-walk option to 'git pack-objects' would compute
deltas inline with the path-walk logic. This would make the progress
indicator look like it is taking a long time to enumerate objects, and
then very quickly computed deltas.
Instead of computing deltas on each region of objects organized by tree,
store a list of regions corresponding to these groups. These can later
be pulled from the list for delta compression before doing the "global"
delta search.
This presents a new progress indicator that can be used in tests to
verify that this stage is happening.
The current implementation is not integrated with threads, but we are
setting it up to arrive in the next change.
Since we do not attempt to sort objects by size until after exploring
all trees, we can remove the previous change to t5530 due to a different
error message appearing first.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Repositories registered with Scalar are expected to be client-only
repositories that are rather large. This means that they are more likely to
be good candidates for using the --path-walk option when running 'git
pack-objects', especially under the hood of 'git push'. Enable this config
in Scalar repositories.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Users may want to enable the --path-walk option for 'git pack-objects' by
default, especially underneath commands like 'git push' or 'git repack'.
This should be limited to client repositories, since the --path-walk option
disables bitmap walks, so would be bad to include in Git servers when
serving fetches and clones. There is potential that it may be helpful to
consider when repacking the repository, to take advantage of improved deltas
across historical versions of the same files.
Much like how "pack.useSparse" was introduced and included in
"feature.experimental" before being enabled by default, use the repository
settings infrastructure to make the new "pack.usePathWalk" config enabled by
"feature.experimental" and "feature.manyFiles".
In order to test that this config works, add a new trace2 region around
the path walk code that can be checked by a 'git push' command.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Since 'git pack-objects' supports a --path-walk option, allow passing it
through in 'git repack'. This presents interesting testing opportunities for
comparing the different repacking strategies against each other.
Add the --path-walk option to the performance tests in p5313.
For the microsoft/fluentui repo [1] checked out at a specific commit [2],
the --path-walk tests in p5313 look like this:
Test this tree
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
5313.18: thin pack with --path-walk 0.08(0.06+0.02)
5313.19: thin pack size with --path-walk 18.4K
5313.20: big pack with --path-walk 2.10(7.80+0.26)
5313.21: big pack size with --path-walk 19.8M
5313.22: shallow fetch pack with --path-walk 1.62(3.38+0.17)
5313.23: shallow pack size with --path-walk 33.6M
5313.24: repack with --path-walk 81.29(96.08+0.71)
5313.25: repack size with --path-walk 142.5M
[1] https://github.com/microsoft/fluentui
[2] e70848ebac1cd720875bccaa3026f4a9ed700e08
Along with the earlier tests in p5313, I'll instead reformat the
comparison as follows:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
---------------------------------------
Hash v1 439.4M 87.24s
Hash v2 161.7M 21.51s
Path Walk 142.5M 81.29s
There are a few things to notice here:
1. The benefits of --name-hash-version=2 over --name-hash-version=1 are
significant, but --path-walk still compresses better than that
option.
2. The --path-walk command is still using --name-hash-version=1 for the
second pass of delta computation, using the increased name hash
collisions as a potential method for opportunistic compression on
top of the path-focused compression.
3. The --path-walk algorithm is currently sequential and does not use
multiple threads for delta compression. Threading will be
implemented in a future change so the computation time will improve
to better compete in this metric.
There are small benefits in size for my copy of the Git repository:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
---------------------------------------
Hash v1 248.8M 30.44s
Hash v2 249.0M 30.15s
Path Walk 213.2M 142.50s
As well as in the nodejs/node repository [3]:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
---------------------------------------
Hash v1 739.9M 71.18s
Hash v2 764.6M 67.82s
Path Walk 698.1M 208.10s
[3] https://github.com/nodejs/node
This benefit also repeats in my copy of the Linux kernel repository:
Repack Method Pack Size Time
---------------------------------------
Hash v1 2.5G 554.41s
Hash v2 2.5G 549.62s
Path Walk 2.2G 1562.36s
It is important to see that even when the repository shape does not have
many name-hash collisions, there is a slight space boost to be found
using this method.
As this repacking strategy was released in Git for Windows 2.47.0, some
users have reported cases where the --path-walk compression is slightly
worse than the --name-hash-version=2 option. In those cases, it may be
beneficial to combine the two options. However, there has not been a
released version of Git that has both options and I don't have access to
these repos for testing.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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It can be notoriously difficult to detect if delta bases are being
computed properly during 'git push'. Construct an example where it will
make a kilobyte worth of difference when a delta base is not found. We
can then use the progress indicators to distinguish between bytes and
KiB depending on whether the delta base is found and used.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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There are many tests that validate whether 'git pack-objects' works as
expected. Instead of duplicating these tests, add a new test environment
variable, GIT_TEST_PACK_PATH_WALK, that implies --path-walk by default
when specified.
This was useful in testing the implementation of the --path-walk
implementation, helping to find tests that are overly specific to the
default object walk. These include:
- t0411-clone-from-partial.sh : One test fetches from a repo that does
not have the boundary objects. This causes the path-based walk to
fail. Disable the variable for this test.
- t5306-pack-nobase.sh : Similar to t0411, one test fetches from a repo
without a boundary object.
- t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh : One test compares the case when packing with
bitmaps to the case when packing without them. Since we disable the
test variable when writing bitmaps, this causes a difference in the
object list (the --path-walk option adds an extra object). Specify
--no-path-walk in both processes for the comparison. Another test
checks for a specific delta base, but when computing dynamically
without using bitmaps, the base object it too small to be considered
in the delta calculations so no base is used.
- t5316-pack-delta-depth.sh : This script cares about certain delta
choices and their chain lengths. The --path-walk option changes how
these chains are selected, and thus changes the results of this test.
- t5322-pack-objects-sparse.sh : This demonstrates the effectiveness of
the --sparse option and how it combines with --path-walk.
- t5332-multi-pack-reuse.sh : This test verifies that the preferred
pack is used for delta reuse when possible. The --path-walk option is
not currently aware of the preferred pack at all, so finds a
different delta base.
- t7406-submodule-update.sh : When using the variable, the --depth
option collides with the --path-walk feature, resulting in a warning
message. Disable the variable so this warning does not appear.
I want to call out one specific test change that is only temporary:
- t5530-upload-pack-error.sh : One test cares specifically about an
"unable to read" error message. Since the current implementation
performs delta calculations within the path-walk API callback, a
different "unable to get size" error message appears. When this
is changed in a future refactoring, this test change can be reverted.
Similar to GIT_TEST_NAME_HASH_VERSION, we do not add this option to the
linux-TEST-vars CI build as that's already an overloaded build.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The previous change added a --path-walk option to 'git pack-objects'.
Create a performance test that demonstrates the time and space benefits
of the feature.
In order to get an appropriate comparison, we need to avoid reusing
deltas and recompute them from scratch.
Compare the creation of a thin pack representing a small push and the
creation of a relatively large non-thin pack.
Running on my copy of the Git repository results in this data (removing
the repack tests for --name-hash-version):
Test this tree
------------------------------------------------------------------------
5313.2: thin pack with --name-hash-version=1 0.02(0.01+0.01)
5313.3: thin pack size with --name-hash-version=1 1.6K
5313.4: big pack with --name-hash-version=1 2.55(4.20+0.26)
5313.5: big pack size with --name-hash-version=1 16.4M
5313.6: shallow fetch pack with --name-hash-version=1 1.24(2.03+0.08)
5313.7: shallow pack size with --name-hash-version=1 12.2M
5313.10: thin pack with --name-hash-version=2 0.03(0.01+0.01)
5313.11: thin pack size with --name-hash-version=2 1.6K
5313.12: big pack with --name-hash-version=2 1.91(3.23+0.20)
5313.13: big pack size with --name-hash-version=2 16.4M
5313.14: shallow fetch pack with --name-hash-version=2 1.06(1.57+0.10)
5313.15: shallow pack size with --name-hash-version=2 12.5M
5313.18: thin pack with --path-walk 0.03(0.01+0.01)
5313.19: thin pack size with --path-walk 1.6K
5313.20: big pack with --path-walk 2.05(3.24+0.27)
5313.21: big pack size with --path-walk 16.3M
5313.22: shallow fetch pack with --path-walk 1.08(1.66+0.07)
5313.23: shallow pack size with --path-walk 12.4M
This can be reformatted as follows:
Pack Type Hash v1 Hash v2 Path Walk
---------------------------------------------------
thin pack (time) 0.02s 0.03s 0.03s
(size) 1.6K 1.6K 1.6K
big pack (time) 2.55s 1.91s 2.05s
(size) 16.4M 16.4M 16.3M
shallow pack (time) 1.24s 1.06s 1.08s
(size) 12.2M 12.5M 12.4M
Note that the timing is slower because there is no threading in the
--path-walk case (yet). Also, the shallow pack cases are really not
using the --path-walk logic right now because it is disabled until some
additions are made to the path walk API.
The cases where the --path-walk option really shines is when the default
name-hash is overwhelmed with unhelpful collisions. An open source
example can be found in the microsoft/fluentui repo [1] at a certain
commit [2].
[1] https://github.com/microsoft/fluentui
[2] e70848ebac1cd720875bccaa3026f4a9ed700e08
Running the tests on this repo results in the following comparison table:
Pack Type Hash v1 Hash v2 Path Walk
---------------------------------------------------
thin pack (time) 0.36s 0.12s 0.08s
(size) 1.2M 22.0K 18.4K
big pack (time) 2.00s 2.90s 2.21s
(size) 20.4M 25.9M 19.5M
shallow pack (time) 1.41s 1.80s 1.65s
(size) 34.4M 33.7M 33.6M
Notice in particular that in the small thin pack, the time performance
has improved from 0.36s for --name-hash-version=1 to 0.08s and this is
likely due to the improved size of the resulting pack: 18.4K instead of
1.2M. The relatively new --name-hash-version=2 is competitive with
--path-walk (0.12s and 22.0K) but not quite as successful.
Finally, running this on a copy of the Linux kernel repository results
in these data points:
Pack Type Hash v1 Hash v2 Path Walk
---------------------------------------------------
thin pack (time) 0.03s 0.13s 0.03s
(size) 4.6K 4.6K 4.6K
big pack (time) 15.29s 12.32s 13.92s
(size) 201.1M 159.1M 158.5M
shallow pack (time) 10.88s 22.93s 22.74s
(size) 269.2M 273.8M 267.7M
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The t0450 test script verifies that builtin usage matches the synopsis
in the documentation. Adjust the builtin to match and then remove 'git
pack-objects' from the exception list.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In order to more easily compute delta bases among objects that appear at
the exact same path, add a --path-walk option to 'git pack-objects'.
This option will use the path-walk API instead of the object walk given
by the revision machinery. Since objects will be provided in batches
representing a common path, those objects can be tested for delta bases
immediately instead of waiting for a sort of the full object list by
name-hash. This has multiple benefits, including avoiding collisions by
name-hash.
The objects marked as UNINTERESTING are included in these batches, so we
are guaranteeing some locality to find good delta bases.
After the individual passes are done on a per-path basis, the default
name-hash is used to find other opportunistic delta bases that did not
match exactly by the full path name.
The current implementation performs delta calculations while walking
objects, which is not ideal for a few reasons. First, this will cause
the "Enumerating objects" phase to be much longer than usual. Second, it
does not take advantage of threading during the path-scoped delta
calculations. Even with this lack of threading, the path-walk option is
sometimes faster than the usual approach. Future changes will refactor
this code to allow for threading, but that complexity is deferred until
later to keep this patch as simple as possible.
This new walk is incompatible with some features and is ignored by
others:
* Object filters are not currently integrated with the path-walk API,
such as sparse-checkout or tree depth. A blobless packfile could be
integrated easily, but that is deferred for later.
* Server-focused features such as delta islands, shallow packs, and
using a bitmap index are incompatible with the path-walk API.
* The path walk API is only compatible with the --revs option, not
taking object lists or pack lists over stdin. These alternative ways
to specify the objects currently ignores the --path-walk option
without even a warning.
Future changes will create performance tests that demonstrate the power
of this approach.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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This will be helpful in a future change, which will reuse this logic.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The previous three changes contributed performance improvements to 'git
apply', 'git add -p', and 'git reset -p' when using a sparse index. The
improvement to 'git apply' also improved 'git checkout -p'. Add
performance tests to demonstrate this (and to help validate that
performance remains good in the future).
In the truncated test output below, we see that the full checkout
performance changes within noise expectations, but the sparse index
cases improve 33% and then 96% for 'git add -p' and 41% and then 95% for
'git reset -p'. 'git checkout -p' improves immediatley by 91% because it
does not need any change to its builtin.
Test HEAD~4 HEAD~3 HEAD~2 HEAD~1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2000.118: ... git add -p (full-v3) 0.79 0.79 +0.0% 0.82 +3.8% 0.82 +3.8%
2000.119: ... git add -p (full-v4) 0.74 0.76 +2.7% 0.74 +0.0% 0.76 +2.7%
2000.120: ... git add -p (sparse-v3) 1.94 1.28 -34.0% 0.07 -96.4% 0.07 -96.4%
2000.121: ... git add -p (sparse-v4) 1.93 1.28 -33.7% 0.06 -96.9% 0.06 -96.9%
2000.122: ... git checkout -p (full-v3) 1.18 1.18 +0.0% 1.18 +0.0% 1.19 +0.8%
2000.123: ... git checkout -p (full-v4) 1.10 1.12 +1.8% 1.11 +0.9% 1.11 +0.9%
2000.124: ... git checkout -p (sparse-v3) 1.31 0.11 -91.6% 0.11 -91.6% 0.11 -91.6%
2000.125: ... git checkout -p (sparse-v4) 1.29 0.11 -91.5% 0.11 -91.5% 0.11 -91.5%
2000.126: ... git reset -p (full-v3) 0.81 0.80 -1.2% 0.83 +2.5% 0.83 +2.5%
2000.127: ... git reset -p (full-v4) 0.78 0.77 -1.3% 0.77 -1.3% 0.78 +0.0%
2000.128: ... git reset -p (sparse-v3) 1.58 0.92 -41.8% 0.91 -42.4% 0.07 -95.6%
2000.129: ... git reset -p (sparse-v4) 1.58 0.92 -41.8% 0.92 -41.8% 0.07 -95.6%
It is worth noting that if our test was more involved and had multiple
hunks to evaluate, then the time spent in 'git apply' would dominate due
to multiple index loads and writes. As it stands, we need the sparse
index improvement in 'git add -p' itself to confirm this performance
improvement.
Since the change for 'git add -i' is identical, we avoid a second test
case for that similar operation.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Similar to the previous change for 'git add -p', the reset builtin
checked for integration with the sparse index after possibly redirecting
its logic toward the interactive logic. This means that the builtin
would expand the sparse index to a full one upon read.
Move this check earlier within cmd_reset() to improve performance here.
Add tests to guarantee that we are not universally expanding the index.
Add behavior tests to check that we are doing the same operations as a
full index.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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It is slow to expand a sparse index in-memory due to parsing of trees.
We aim to minimize that performance cost when possible. 'git add -p'
uses 'git apply' child processes to modify the index, but still there
are some expansions that occur.
It turns out that control flows out of cmd_add() in the interactive
cases before the lines that confirm that the builtin is integrated with
the sparse index.
Moving that integration point earlier in cmd_add() allows 'git add -i'
and 'git add -p' to operate without expanding a sparse index to a full
one.
Add test cases that confirm that these interactive add options work with
the sparse index.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The sparse index allows storing directory entries in the index, marked
with the skip-wortkree bit and pointing to a tree object. This may be an
unexpected data shape for some implementation areas, so we are rolling
it out incrementally on a builtin-per-builtin basis.
This change enables the sparse index for 'git apply'. The main
motivation for this change is that 'git apply' is used as a child
process of 'git add -p' and expanding the sparse index for each of those
child processes can lead to significant performance issues.
The good news is that the actual index manipulation code used by 'git
apply' is already integrated with the sparse index, so the only product
change is to mark the builtin as allowing the sparse index so it isn't
inflated on read.
The more involved part of this change is around adding tests that verify
how 'git apply' behaves in a sparse-checkout environment and whether or
not the index expands in certain operations.
Signed-off-by: Derrick Stolee <stolee@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The previous function regex required explicit matching of function
bodies using `{`, `(`, `((`, or `[[`, which caused several issues:
- It failed to capture valid functions where `{` was on the next line
due to line continuation (`\`).
- It did not recognize functions with single command body, such as
`x () echo hello`.
Replacing the function body matching logic with `.*$`, ensures
that everything on the function definition line is captured.
Additionally, the word regex is refined to better recognize shell
syntax, including additional parameter expansion operators and
command-line options.
Signed-off-by: Moumita Dhar <dhar61595@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Sixt <j6t@kdbg.org>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Since "hash-object --literally" no longer supports objects with unknown
types, there are now no callers of write_object_file_literally() and its
helpers. Let's drop them to simplify the code.
In particular, this gets rid of some ugly copy-and-paste code from
write_object_file_literally(), which is a parallel implementation of
write_object_file(). When the split was originally made, the two weren't
that long, but commits like 63a6745a07 (object-file: update the loose
object map when writing loose objects, 2023-10-01) ended up having to
duplicate some tricky code.
This patch drops all of that duplication and should make things less
error-prone going forward.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Since we recently removed the hash_literally() function, the hash-object
--literally option has been simplified to just removing the
INDEX_FORMAT_CHECK flag. Rather than pass it around as a separate bool,
we can just have the option parser remove the bit from the set of flags
directly. This simplifies the helper functions.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The hash-object command has its own custom flag bits that it sets based
on command-line options. But since we dropped hash_literally() in the
previous commit, the only thing we do with those flag bits is convert
them directly into "index_flags" to pass to index_fd().
This extra layer of indirection makes the code harder to read and reason
about. Let's just use the INDEX_* flags directly.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When passed the "--literally" option, hash-object will allow any
arbitrary string for its "-t" type option. Such objects are only useful
for testing or debugging, as they cannot be used in the normal way
(e.g., you cannot fetch their contents!).
Let's drop this feature, which will eventually let us simplify the
object-writing code. This is technically backwards incompatible, but
since such objects were never really functional, it seems unlikely that
anybody will notice.
We will retain the --literally flag, as it also instructs hash-object
not to worry about other format issues (e.g., type-specific things that
fsck would complain about). The documentation does not need to be
updated, as it was always vague about which checks we're loosening (it
uses only the phrase "any garbage").
The code change is a bit hard to verify from just the patch text. We can
drop our local hash_literally() helper, but it was really just wrapping
write_object_file_literally(). We now replace that with calling
index_fd(), as we do for the non-literal code path, but dropping the
INDEX_FORMAT_CHECK flag. This ends up being the same semantically as
what the _literally() code path was doing (modulo handling unknown
types, which is our goal).
We'll be able to clean up these code paths a bit more in subsequent
patches.
The existing test is flipped to show that we now reject the unknown
type. The additional "extra-long type" test is now redundant, as we bail
early upon seeing a bogus type.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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This commit adds a shell library for writing raw loose objects into the
object database. Normally this is done with hash-object, but the
specific intent here is to allow broken objects that hash-object may not
support.
We'll convert several cases that use "hash-object --literally" to write
objects with invalid types. That works currently, but dropping this
dependency will allow us to remove that feature and simplify the
object-writing code.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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It's occasionally useful when testing or debugging to be able to do raw
zlib inflate/deflate operations (e.g., to check the bytes of a specific
loose or packed object).
Even though zlib's deflate algorithm is used by many other programs,
this is surprisingly hard to do in a portable way. E.g., gzip can do
this if you manually munge some header bytes. But the result is somewhat
arcane, and we don't assume gzip is available anyway. Likewise, pigz
will handle raw zlib, but we can't assume it is available.
So let's introduce a short test helper for just doing zlib operations.
We'll use it in subsequent patches to add some new tests, but it would
also have come in handy a few times in the past:
- The hard-coded pack data from 3b910d0c5e (add tests for indexing
packs with delta cycles, 2013-08-23) could probably be generated on
the fly.
- Likewise we could avoid the hard-coded data from 0b1493c2d4
(git_inflate(): skip zlib_post_call() sanity check on Z_NEED_DICT,
2025-02-25). Though note this would require support for more zlib
options.
- It would have helped with the debugging documented in 41dfbb2dbe
(howto: add article on recovering a corrupted object, 2013-10-25).
I'll leave refactoring existing tests for another day, but I hope the
examples above show the general utility.
I aimed for simplicity in the code. In particular, it will read all
input into a memory buffer, rather than streaming. That makes the zlib
loops harder to get wrong (which has been a source of subtle bugs in the
past).
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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We provide a mechanism for callers to get the object type as a raw
string, rather than an object_type enum. This was in theory useful for
returning types that are not representable in the enum, but we consider
any such type to be an error, and there are no callers that use the
strbuf anymore.
Let's drop support to simplify the code a bit.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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When fsck-ing a loose object, we use object_info's type_name strbuf to
record the parsed object type as a string. For most objects this is
redundant with the object_type enum, but it does let us report the
string when we encounter an object with an unknown type (for which there
is no matching enum value).
There are a few downsides, though:
1. The code to report these cases is not actually robust. Since we did
not pass a strbuf to unpack_loose_header(), we only retrieved types
from headers up to 32 bytes. In longer cases, we'd simply say
"object corrupt or missing".
2. This is the last caller that uses object_info's type_name strbuf
support. It would be nice to refactor it so that we can simplify
that code.
3. Likewise, we'll check the hash of the object using its unknown type
(again, as long as that type is short enough). That depends on the
hash_object_file_literally() code, which we'd eventually like to
get rid of.
So we can simplify things by bailing immediately in read_loose_object()
when we encounter an unknown type. This has a few user-visible effects:
a. Instead of producing a single line of error output like this:
error: 26ed13ce3564fbbb44e35bde42c7da717ea004a6: object is of unknown type 'bogus': .git/objects/26/ed13ce3564fbbb44e35bde42c7da717ea004a6
we'll now issue two lines (the first from read_loose_object() when
we see the unparsable header, and the second from the fsck code,
since we couldn't read the object):
error: unable to parse type from header 'bogus 4' of .git/objects/26/ed13ce3564fbbb44e35bde42c7da717ea004a6
error: 26ed13ce3564fbbb44e35bde42c7da717ea004a6: object corrupt or missing: .git/objects/26/ed13ce3564fbbb44e35bde42c7da717ea004a6
This is a little more verbose, but this sort of error should be
rare (such objects are almost impossible to work with, and cannot
be transferred between repositories as they are not representable
in packfiles). And as a bonus, reporting the broken header in full
could help with debugging other cases (e.g., a header like "blob
xyzzy\0" would fail in parsing the size, but previously we'd not
have showed the offending bytes).
b. An object with an unknown type will be reported as corrupt, without
actually doing a hash check. Again, I think this is unlikely to
matter in practice since such objects are totally unusable.
We'll update one fsck test to match the new error strings. And we can
remove another test that covered the case of an object with an unknown
type _and_ a hash corruption. Since we'll skip the hash check now in
this case, the test is no longer interesting.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In oid_object_info_convert(), we convert objects between their sha1 and
sha256 variants. To do this, we naturally need to know the type, which
we get from oid_object_info_extended() using its type_name strbuf
option.
But getting the value as a string (versus an object_type enum) is not
helpful. Since we do not allow unknown types, the regular enum is
sufficient. And the resulting code is a bit simpler, as we no longer
have to manage the extra allocation nor convert the string to an enum
ourselves.
Note that at first glance, it might seem like we should retain the error
check for "type == -1" to catch bogus types found by the underlying
parser. But we don't need it, as an unknown type would have yielded an
error from the call to oid_object_info_extended(), which would already
have caused us to return an error.
In fact, I suspect this was always impossible to trigger. Even when we
were converting the string to a type enum ourselves, an invalid type
would never have escaped oid_object_info_extended(), since we never
passed the (now removed) OBJECT_INFO_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_TYPE option.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Now that we no longer support OBJECT_INFO_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_TYPE, there is
no need to pass a strbuf into oid_object_info_extended() to record the
type. The regular object_type enum is sufficient to capture all of the
types we will allow.
This simplifies the code a bit, and will eventually let us drop
object_info's type_name strbuf support.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Since cat-file dropped its "--allow-unknown-type" option in the previous
commit, there are no more uses of the internal flag that implemented it.
Let's drop it.
That in turn lets us drop the strbuf parameter of unpack_loose_header(),
which now is always NULL. And without that, we can drop all of the
additional code to inflate larger headers into the strbuf.
Arguably we could drop ULHR_TOO_LONG, as no callers really care about
the distinction from ULHR_BAD. But it's easy enough to retain, and it
does let us produce a slightly more specific message in one instance.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The cat-file command has some minor support for handling objects with
"unknown" types. I.e., strings that are not "blob", "commit", "tree", or
"tag".
In theory this could be used for debugging or experimenting with
extensions to Git. But in practice this support is not very useful:
1. You can get the type and size of such objects, but nothing else.
Not even the contents!
2. Only loose objects are supported, since packfiles use numeric ids
for the types, rather than strings.
3. Likewise you cannot ever transfer objects between repositories,
because they cannot be represented in the packfiles used for the
on-the-wire protocol.
The support for these unknown types complicates the object-parsing code,
and has led to bugs such as b748ddb7a4 (unpack_loose_header(): fix
infinite loop on broken zlib input, 2025-02-25). So let's drop it.
The first step is to remove the user-facing parts, which are accessible
only via cat-file. This is technically backwards-incompatible, but given
the limitations listed above, these objects couldn't possibly be useful
in any workflow.
However, we can't just rip out the option entirely. That would hurt a
caller who ran:
git cat-file -t --allow-unknown-object <oid>
and fed it normal, well-formed objects. There --allow-unknown-type was
doing nothing, but we wouldn't want to start bailing with an error. So
to protect any such callers, we'll retain --allow-unknown-type as a
noop.
The code change is fairly small (but we'll able to clean up more code in
follow-on patches). The test updates drop any use of the option. We
still retain tests that feed the broken objects to cat-file without
--allow-unknown-type, as we should continue to confirm that those
objects are rejected. Note that in one spot we can drop a layer of loop,
re-indenting the body; viewing the diff with "-w" helps there.
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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This should be "compat", not "comapt".
Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Provide an overview of the set of functions used for manipulating
`json_writer`s, by describing what functions should be used for
each JSON-related task.
Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Helped-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Helped-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucas Seiki Oshiro <lucasseikioshiro@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Add a docstring for each function that manipulates json_writers.
Helped-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
Helped-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im>
Helped-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Lucas Seiki Oshiro <lucasseikioshiro@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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Workaround for older macOS ld.
* tb/macos-false-but-the-compiler-does-not-know-it-fix:
intialize false_but_the_compiler_does_not_know_it_
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Test fix.
* jc/t6011-mv-ro-fix:
t6011: fix misconversion from perl to sed
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Meson-based build framework update.
* dd/meson-perl-custom-path:
meson: allow customize perl installation path
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Make repository clean-up tasks "gc" can do available to "git
maintenance" front-end.
* ps/maintenance-missing-tasks:
builtin/maintenance: introduce "rerere-gc" task
builtin/gc: move rerere garbage collection into separate function
builtin/maintenance: introduce "worktree-prune" task
builtin/gc: move pruning of worktrees into a separate function
builtin/gc: remove global variables where it is trivial to do
builtin/gc: fix indentation of `cmd_gc()` parameters
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The fallback implementation of open_nofollow() depended on
open("symlink", O_NOFOLLOW) to set errno to ELOOP, but a few BSD
derived systems use different errno, which has been worked around.
* cf/wrapper-bsd-eloop:
wrapper: NetBSD gives EFTYPE and FreeBSD gives EMFILE where POSIX uses ELOOP
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In commit-graph.c:fill_oids_from_packs, if open_pack_index failed,
memory allocated and returned by add_packed_git will leak. Simply
add close_pack and free(p) will solve this problem.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Yan <502024330056@smail.nju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In sequencer.c:todo_list_rearrange_squash, if it fails, memory
allocated in `next`, `tail`, `subjects` and `subject2item` will leak.
Jump to cleanup label before return could fix this leak problem.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Yan <502024330056@smail.nju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In mailinfo.c:decode_header, if convert_to_utf8 failed, the strbuf stored
in dec will leak. Simply add strbuf_release and free(dec) will solve
this problem.
Signed-off-by: Lidong Yan <502024330056@smail.nju.edu.cn>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In 3e81bccdf3 (sequencer: factor out todo command name parsing,
2019-06-27), a `return` statement was introduced that basically was a
long sequence of conditions, combined with `&&`, except for the last
condition which is not really a condition but an assignment.
The point of this construct was to return 1 (i.e. `true`) from the
function if all of those conditions held true, and also assign the `bol`
pointer to the end of the parsed command.
Some static analyzers are really unhappy about such constructs. And
human readers are at least puzzled, if not confused, by seeing a single
`=` inside a chain of conditions where they would have expected to see
`==` instead and, based on experience, immediately suspect a typo.
Let's help all of this by turning this into the more verbose, more
readable form of an `if` construct that both assigns the pointer as well
as returns 1 if all of the conditions hold true.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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In c429bed102 (bundle-uri: store fetch.bundleCreationToken, 2023-01-31)
code was introduced that assumes that an `sscanf()` call leaves its
output variables unchanged unless the return value indicates success.
However, the POSIX documentation makes no such guarantee:
https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/sscanf.html
So let's make sure that the output variable `maxCreationToken` is
always well-defined.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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The code is a bit too hard to reason about to fully assess whether the
`fill_commit_graph_info()` function is called at all after
`write_commit_graph()` returns (and hence the stack variable
`topo_levels` goes out of context).
Let's simply make sure that the stack address is no longer used at that
stage, thereby making the code quite a bit easier to reason about.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
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