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2026-07-30Merge branch 'ty/migrate-trust-executable-bit'Junio C Hamano12-33/+76
The 'trust_executable_bit' (coming from the 'core.filemode' configuration) has been migrated into 'struct repo_config_values' to tie it to a specific repository instance. * ty/migrate-trust-executable-bit: environment: move has_symlinks into repo_config_values environment: move trust_executable_bit into repo_config_values read-cache: pass 'repo' to 'ce_mode_from_stat()' read-cache: remove redundant extern declarations
2026-07-30Merge branch 'rs/tempfile-wo-the-repository'Junio C Hamano21-52/+110
The tempfile and lockfile APIs have been refactored to stop depending on the 'the_repository' global variable, and their callers have been updated to use the repository-aware variants. * rs/tempfile-wo-the-repository: use repo_hold_lock_file_for_update{,_mode,_timeout}() with custom repos tempfile: stop using the_repository lockfile: add repo_hold_lock_file_for_update{,_timeout}{,_mode}() refs/packed: use repo_create_tempfile() tempfile: add repo_create_tempfile{,_mode}()
2026-07-30mv: reject a destination whose leading path is missing or a symlinkLucas Zamboni Orioli2-2/+145
When moving a file, if any leading directory in the destination path is missing or is not a real directory, the problem is detected only later when rename() is called. Furthermore, if a leading directory component is a symbolic link, the issue is not detected at all. Three cases reach rename(2) unchecked today: - A leading directory is missing: rename(2) fails with ENOENT, reported against the source (misleading), and "git mv -n" does not detect it since the dry run never reaches the syscall. - A leading component is a non-directory ("git mv x a/b" with 'a' a file): rename(2) fails with ENOTDIR, again only at the syscall. - A leading component is a symbolic link: "git mv" follows it. Since Git tracks symlinks, the destination is really occupied by a tracked object, and following it is wrong regardless of the link target. The move is done on disk at the resolved location while the index records the literal path, leaving the index describing a worktree that does not exist. A later "git add" can reconcile it, but "git mv" alone has already corrupted the state. Detect all three in the checking phase. Reject a destination that goes through a symlink with has_symlink_leading_path(), which uses lstat() and never follows the link, so the refusal is independent of the target. Then lstat() the leading directory: report "destination directory does not exist" for ENOENT/ENOTDIR and "destination is not a directory" for a non-directory. Other errors fall through to rename(). Guard the directory check with the same condition under which rename(2) runs, so directory moves and sparse/out-of-cone destinations are not flagged incorrectly. This changes behavior: a move through a tracked symlink that previously "succeeded" while corrupting the index is now refused. The other two cases only change when the failure is diagnosed. Signed-off-by: Lucas Zamboni Orioli <lucaszam0@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30mv: name both source and destination when rename failsLucas Zamboni Orioli1-1/+1
When "git mv" fails at the rename(2) syscall, the error is reported with die_errno() using only the source path: fatal: renaming 'src' failed: No such file or directory rename(2) returns ENOENT both when the source does not exist and when a directory component of the destination does not exist, and errno does not distinguish the two. Reporting only the source therefore misleads the user in the latter case: for git mv a/file b/no-such-dir/file the message blames 'a/file', which exists, and gives no hint that 'b/no-such-dir/' is the missing part. Inspecting the paths again after the failure to determine which one is at fault would be racy, since either could appear or disappear between the rename(2) and the follow-up check. Instead, simply name both the source and the destination in the message and let the reader see which one is wrong: fatal: renaming 'a/file' to 'b/no-such-dir/file' failed: No such file or directory Signed-off-by: Lucas Zamboni Orioli <lucaszam0@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30doc: replay: move “default” to the right-hand sideKristoffer Haugsbakk2-2/+8
This is now a description list (see previous commit) and parentheticals like this do not go on the left-hand side. Moving it to the other side makes it stand out just as much and is also more consistent with the rest of the documentation. Let’s also do the same for the `replay.refAction` description list. That makes the two desc. lists identical in the first sentence. Let’s add a comment about that for future editors. Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk <code@khaugsbakk.name> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30doc: replay: use a nested description listKristoffer Haugsbakk1-4/+4
This bullet list for `--ref-action` introduces a term with a colon. This is exactly what a description list is, structurally. Let’s be stylistically consistent and use the desc. list markup construct. In short, just transform this unordered list in the same way that we did for `replay.refAction` in the previous commit. Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk <code@khaugsbakk.name> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30doc: replay: improve config descriptionKristoffer Haugsbakk2-6/+11
First of all, this unordered list for `replay.refAction` introduces a term with a colon. This is exactly what a description list is, structurally. Let’s be stylistically consistent and use the desc. list markup construct. Let’s also drop the harmless but unneeded indentation. We can reuse the `::` delimiter since we use an open block. But for consistency use the typical nested description list delimiter, namely `;;`. Second, let’s replace the inline-verbatim `git replay` with a link to git-replay(1), since we are naming the command. But make that conditional so that we avoid a self-link inside git-replay(1).[1] † 1: See e.g. e7b3a768 (doc: git-init: rework config item init.templateDir, 2024-03-10) for another example of avoiding self-linking Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk <code@khaugsbakk.name> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30doc: link to config for git-replay(1)Kristoffer Haugsbakk2-0/+6
This config doc was added in 336ac90c (replay: add replay.refAction config option, 2025-11-06) but never included anywhere. Include it in git-replay(1) and git-config(1). Signed-off-by: Kristoffer Haugsbakk <code@khaugsbakk.name> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-30merge-base: add tests for --is-ancestorNikolaus Schuetz1-0/+31
`git merge-base --is-ancestor A B` is used a lot in scripts but has no tests. Add some to t6010 covering its exit codes: 0 when A is an ancestor of B, 1 when it is not, and 128 (not 1) when given a bad argument. Also check that --is-ancestor and --all can't be combined, and that the resulting error names both options. Signed-off-by: Nikolaus Schuetz <nikolauspschuetz@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28t0014: generate deprecated command names dynamicallyJeff King1-4/+9
We have a few tests related to aliasing of deprecated commands. They use whatchanged and pack-redundant because those are the only two deprecated commands we have. Eventually those commands will be removed, at which point these tests will be checking nothing useful (they'll just be regular aliases, which we already cover in other tests). We could remove them at that point, but the code to handle deprecated commands will still remain. We probably do want to keep the tests around for the eventual day that we deprecate more commands. So let's ask Git for its list of deprecated commands, and if we don't have any, skip those tests. This also prevents an annoying corner case when your build directory contains old build products. Right now those commands are marked as deprecated builtins and treated specially; we allow aliases and never look for them as dashed external commands. But after they are removed, they aren't special anymore. If your directory happens to contain hardlinks from the build of an older version, that confuses Git: it sees the old hardlinks in place, thinks those are actual external commands, and refuses to allow aliasing. You can see that today like this: make make WITH_BREAKING_CHANGES=1 test The first "make" creates git-whatchanged as a hardlink to Git, and the second does not clean it up (it doesn't know about the whatchanged command at all anymore). t0014 fails because Git won't create an alias to the "external" whatchanged command. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28t0014: factor out choice of deprecated commandsJeff King1-10/+13
We have a few tests related to aliasing deprecated commands which use "whatchanged" and "pack-redundant", as these are the only two deprecated commands we have. Let's pull those names into variables so that we can refactor the tests without relying on the specific names. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28mingw: skip symlink type auto-detection for network share targetsJohannes Schindelin1-0/+23
On Windows, symbolic links come in two flavors: file symlinks and directory symlinks. Since Git was born on Linux where this distinction does not exist, Git for Windows has to auto-detect the type by looking at the target. When the target does not yet exist at symlink creation time, Git for Windows creates a "phantom" file symlink and later, once checkout is complete, calls `CreateFileW()` on the target to check whether it is actually a directory. If the symlink target is a UNC path (e.g. `\\attacker\share`), this auto-detection triggers an SMB connection to the remote host. Windows performs NTLM authentication by default for such connections, which means a crafted repository can exfiltrate the cloning user's NTLMv2 hash to an attacker-controlled server without any user interaction beyond `git clone -c core.symlinks=true <url>`. There are ways to specify UNC paths that start with only a single backslash (e.g. `\??\UNC\host\share`); All of them do start like that, though, so let's use that as a tell-tale that we should skip the auto-detection in `process_phantom_symlink()`. The symlink is then left as a file symlink (the `mklink` default), and a warning is emitted suggesting the user set the `symlink` gitattribute to `dir` if a directory symlink is needed. When the attribute is already set, auto-detection is never invoked in the first place, so that code path is unaffected. This is the same class of vulnerability as CVE-2025-66413 (https://github.com/git-for-windows/git/security/advisories/GHSA-hv9c-4jm9-jh3x) and follows the same general mitigation pattern that MinTTY adopted for ANSI escape sequences referencing network share paths (https://github.com/mintty/mintty/security/advisories/GHSA-jf4m-m6rv-p6c5). Note that there are legitimate paths starting with a single backslash that are _not_ network paths: drive-less absolute paths are interpreted as relative to the current working directory's drive. In practice, these are highly uncommon (and brittle, just one working directory change away from breaking). In any case, the only consequence is now that the symlink type of those has to be specified via Git attributes, is all. Reported-by: Justin Lee <jessdhoctor@gmail.com> Addresses: CVE-2026-32631 Assisted-by: Claude Opus 4.6 Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28pack-bitmap: handle objects at bitmap position zeroDavid Lin2-2/+14
`bitmap_position()` only returns a negative value when an object is not present in the bitmap index. In `find_objects()`, we have added a check (11d45a6e6a) to avoid processing a root whose reachability is already represented by the base bitmap, but accidentally uses `pos > 0`. Consequently, it never performs the membership test for an object at position zero. If that object has an individual reachability bitmap, we unnecessarily OR that bitmap into the base again. Otherwise, we add the object to the not-mapped list, only for the subsequent pass to recognize that it is already present. The latter pass correctly treats all non-negative positions as valid, so this does not change the resulting object set, but an off-by-one edge case. Treat position zero as valid by changing the condition to `pos >= 0`. The existing pseudo-merge traversal test exercises this case. Its position-zero commit is presented through multiple roots. Before this change, each occurrence is counted as a bitmap hit; afterwards, only the first occurrence is counted. Assert the resulting hit count to cover the boundary condition. Also cover the non-pseudo-merge case by passing `HEAD` twice. The first occurrence initializes the base from its stored bitmap, and the second must recognize that position zero is already present. Helped-by: Taylor Blau <ttaylorr@openai.com> Signed-off-by: David Lin <davidlin@stripe.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28merge: fix leak with merge.defaultToUpstreamToon Claes2-2/+22
By default the setting 'merge.defaultToUpstream' for git-merge(1) is set to 'true', which means when `git merge` is invoked with no arguments it merges the upstream branch configured for the current branch. With this configuration set to 'true', setup_with_upstream() is called. That function allocates an array of arguments and hands it back to cmd_merge() via its `argv` parameter. This array is never freed, so cmd_merge() leaks it on every invocation. Track the allocated array in a separate variable and free it at the end. The leak has been present since 93e535a5b7 (merge: merge with the default upstream branch without argument, 2011-03-24). Although the leak sanitizer was enabled for tests in fc1ddf42af (t: remove TEST_PASSES_SANITIZE_LEAK annotations, 2024-11-21), it went unnoticed because no test calls `git merge` without arguments, exercising the default-to-upstream path. Add such a test in t7600, which fails under the leak sanitizer without this fix. Signed-off-by: Toon Claes <toon@iotcl.com> Acked-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28cat-file: handle content request for --batch-command without typeJeff King2-0/+11
The batch mode of cat-file needs to know the object's type in order to print the contents (because it decides whether to stream or not based on object type). The default batch output contains %(objecttype), so we get the type info automatically. But when it doesn't, we have to ask for it explicitly. In the --batch code path, we check while setting up the object_info struct whether we will print the contents, and if so set "typep" to get the value. This comes from 6554dfa97a (cat-file: handle --batch format with missing type/size, 2013-12-12). But later we added a --batch-command mode, which does not do the same trick. The decision about whether to retrieve the contents is made per-command (a "contents" vs "info" command), so we can't decide when building the object_info originally. As a result, asking for: echo "contents HEAD" | git cat-file --batch-command="%(objectname)" will fail the assertion in print_object_or_die() that the type was actually filled in. We can fix it by tweaking the object_info on the fly as we receive each command. But we should be careful to restore it afterwards; otherwise a sequence of commands like: contents $one info $two info $three will pay the type-lookup price for $two and $three when it does not need to. This wouldn't be incorrect, but just slightly inefficient (and hence there are no tests for that part, because the externally-visible behavior is the same). Reported-by: Alan Stokes <alan@source.dev> Helped-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28diff-lib: skip paths outside prefix in oneway_diff()Jeff King1-0/+5
Commit 8174627b3d (diff-lib: ignore paths that are outside $cwd if --relative asked, 2021-08-22) taught run_diff_files() to skip entries outside the requested prefix before processing them. Do the same in oneway_diff(), which handles the diff-index code path. The lower-level diff queue functions already reject such paths, but checking here avoids unnecessary work and keeps them out of every do_oneway_diff() code path. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28diff-lib: drop stale comment about advancing o->posJeff King1-3/+1
The comment above oneway_diff() claims that the callback must advance o->pos to skip index entries it has already processed. That stopped being true in da165f470e (unpack-trees.c: prepare for looking ahead in the index, 2010-01-07), which moved that bookkeeping into unpack_trees(). Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-28Merge branch 'jk/diff-relative-cached-unmerged' into ↵Junio C Hamano2-1/+20
jk/diff-relative-cached-unmerged-more * jk/diff-relative-cached-unmerged: diff-lib: add idx/tree sanity check to oneway_diff diff: ignore unmerged paths outside prefix with --relative --cached
2026-07-28diff-lib: add idx/tree sanity check to oneway_diffJeff King1-0/+10
When looking just at the code in oneway_diff(), it seems possible for both "idx" and "tree" to be NULL, in which case we'd potentially segfault while checking the relative prefix. But if you consider what these items actually mean, it shouldn't be possible for both to be NULL. Let's add an assertion and a comment documenting this. It might help human readers, but should also silence static analyzers like Coverity which complain about the potential segfault. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27t: use commit_body to extract commit message bodiesShlok Kulshreshtha13-123/+72
Replace the "git cat-file commit | sed" idiom with commit_body across the test suite: 61 sites in 12 files, plus one local helper that wrapped the same idiom. The idiom appears in four equivalent spellings -- piped or written to a file first, "sed -e" or plain "sed", "\$" or "$" in the address -- all producing byte-identical output; they all collapse to the same commit_body call. t7509-commit-authorship.sh defined its own local message_body() helper around the idiom instead of spelling it out at each call site; remove the helper and convert its six call sites to commit_body directly. Two sites needed more than a mechanical substitution: * t7600.sh ("merge --no-ff --edit") greps the raw commit object for a phrase before stripping its header for the final comparison. The phrase is part of the commit body, not the header, so the grep can run against the already-stripped body instead, letting both steps share one commit_body call. * t3900-i18n-commit.sh pipes the stripped body into "iconv" to test re-encoding. Piping commit_body's output into "iconv" would reintroduce an exit-code hole one line after removing it elsewhere, so this site writes the body to a file first and reads that, keeping the &&-chain intact. Some greps for sed -e "1,/^\*$/d" left unconverted, as they are not extracting a commit's message body: * t9001-send-email.sh strips mail headers from a message file, not a commit object. * t1450-fsck.sh strips the header off a hand-built commit object while constructing a malformed one for fsck to reject. * t4014-format-patch.sh runs the same sed address on a ".patch" file, with an additional expression. All converted files pass in full, and a deliberately failing "git cat-file" now fails a converted test that previously passed. Signed-off-by: Shlok Kulshreshtha <diy2903@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27test-lib-functions: add commit_body helperShlok Kulshreshtha2-0/+19
Extracting the message body of a commit -- running "git cat-file commit" and stripping everything up to and including the first blank line with "sed" -- is spelled out in about 60 places across the test suite. Add a helper for it, so that the operation is written once instead of being copied around. The commit object goes to a temporary file rather than into a pipe, because a pipeline reports only its last command's exit status, so a failure of "git cat-file" would go unnoticed. Signed-off-by: Shlok Kulshreshtha <diy2903@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27fetch-pack: accept "pack" output for packfile URIsTed Nyman2-15/+49
When index-pack finds an existing keep file it reports pack rather than keep. Accept either result from http-fetch, and only register a keep lockfile when this fetch created it. Read the pack/keep prefix and hash without consuming any following fsck output, validate the reported pack hash against the advertised hash, and exercise a packfile URI fetch with a pre-existing keep file. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27http: permit unlinking partial packs on WindowsTed Nyman2-1/+37
On Windows, an open file must permit FILE_SHARE_DELETE before another process can unlink it. MinGW's non-append O_RDWR open enables that sharing mode only for an existing file; adding O_CREAT falls back to _wopen(), which cannot set it. First try opening the partial pack without O_CREAT. If it does not exist, create it exclusively, close that descriptor, and retry through the existing-file path. A racing creator retries after EEXIST. This ensures that every retained descriptor permits another downloader to unlink the staging path. Add an unlink-while-indexing test that does not require FIFOs and can therefore run on MinGW. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27http: avoid concurrent appends to partial packsTed Nyman3-16/+187
Pack requests stage downloads in a predictable partial-pack file so an interrupted transfer can be resumed. Both packfile URI and ordinary dumb HTTP requests use this staging path. Opening it in append mode forces each write to the current end of the file, so concurrent responses can append duplicate data and corrupt the pack. Open the partial pack read-write without O_APPEND and seek once to its current end. Each downloader then retains the offset matching the Range it requested. Because the staging key must uniquely identify immutable pack contents, overlapping responses write the same bytes at the same offsets instead of extending the file with duplicate data. Duplicate the staging descriptor for index-pack instead of reopening the path after closing the stream. Another downloader may unlink the staging path before indexing begins, but index-pack can still read the retained descriptor. Exercise resumed transfers and overlapping 200 and 206 responses, and clarify the staging-key documentation. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27http: accept HTTP 416 for complete partial packsTed Nyman4-3/+25
A resumed pack request may already have all bytes of the remote pack. A server can respond to the resulting Range request with HTTP 416 instead of returning an empty response. Accept that response in each pack-download caller and let index-pack validate the completed staging file. This can happen without concurrent downloads when a previous attempt completed the transfer but failed before indexing it. Add a regression test that seeds a complete partial pack and checks that http-fetch indexes it after the server returns HTTP 416. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27http: avoid closing index-pack input twiceTed Nyman1-6/+1
finish_http_pack_request() passes its staging-file descriptor to index-pack through child_process.in. start_command() takes ownership of a supplied descriptor and closes it, even when starting the child fails. Do not close the descriptor again after run_command() returns. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27http-fetch: correct --index-pack-arg documentationTed Nyman2-6/+7
The --packfile mode accepts one --index-pack-arg=<arg> option per argument passed to index-pack, but its documentation and option dependency errors still refer to the plural --index-pack-args form. Correct the spelling and describe the repeatable per-argument form. Signed-off-by: Ted Nyman <tnyman@openai.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27The 8th batchJunio C Hamano1-0/+51
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-27Merge branch 'bc/rust-hash-cleanups'Junio C Hamano1-2/+11
A few memory problems in the Rust interface to C hash functions have been corrected. The 'Clone' implementation of 'CryptoHasher' now properly initializes the context before cloning, and its 'Drop' implementation now discards the context to prevent leaks. * bc/rust-hash-cleanups: rust: discard hash context when finished hash: initialize context before cloning
2026-07-27Merge branch 'pw/rebase-drop-notes-with-commit'Junio C Hamano4-34/+140
The rebase post-rewrite notes-copying logic has been corrected. When a commit is dropped during rebase (e.g., because its changes are already upstream), it is no longer recorded as rewritten, preventing its notes from being copied to an unrelated commit. * pw/rebase-drop-notes-with-commit: sequencer: do not record dropped commits as rewritten sequencer: use an enum to represent result of picking a commit sequencer: simplify pick_one_commit() sequencer: remove unnecessary condition in pick_one_commit() sequencer: simplify handling of fixup with conflicts sequencer: remove unnecessary "or" in pick_one_commit() sequencer: never reschedule on failed commit sequencer: be more careful with external merge t3400: restore coverage for note copying with apply backend
2026-07-27Merge branch 'ps/copy-wo-the-repository'Junio C Hamano10-20/+24
The copy_file() and copy_file_with_time() functions have been refactored to take a repository parameter, allowing the removal of the implicit dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in 'copy.c'. * ps/copy-wo-the-repository: copy: drop dependency on `the_repository`
2026-07-27Merge branch 'sc/wt-status-avoid-quadratic-insertion'Junio C Hamano1-2/+4
The enumeration of untracked and ignored files in 'git status' has been optimized by avoiding quadratic complexity when inserting into string lists, reducing the construction cost from O(n^2) to O(n log n). * sc/wt-status-avoid-quadratic-insertion: wt-status: avoid repeated insertion for untracked paths
2026-07-27Merge branch 'ps/refspec-wo-the-repository'Junio C Hamano11-47/+72
The dependency on the global 'the_repository' variable in the 'refspec.c' API has been removed by passing the hash algorithm explicitly to refspec-parsing functions and storing it in 'struct refspec'. * ps/refspec-wo-the-repository: refspec: stop depending on `the_repository` refspec: let callers pass in hash algorithm when parsing items refspec: group related structures and functions
2026-07-27Merge branch 'rs/remote-curl-simplify-push-specs'Junio C Hamano1-11/+9
The passing of push destination specifications in the 'remote-curl' helper has been simplified by removing the explicit 'count' parameter and relying on the NULL-termination of the array. * rs/remote-curl-simplify-push-specs: remote-curl: simplify passing of push specs
2026-07-27Merge branch 'td/ref-filter-memoize-contains'Junio C Hamano5-7/+87
'git branch --contains' and 'git for-each-ref --contains' have been optimized to use the memoized commit traversal previously used only by 'git tag --contains', significantly speeding up connectivity checks across many candidate refs with shared history. * td/ref-filter-memoize-contains: commit-reach: die on contains walk errors ref-filter: memoize --contains with generations commit-reach: reject cycles in contains walk
2026-07-27Merge branch 'ps/refs-wo-the-repository'Junio C Hamano25-171/+208
The ref subsystem and the worktree API have been refactored to pass a repository pointer down the call chain, allowing them to drop references to the global 'the_repository' variable. As part of this, the handling of the 'core.packedRefsTimeout' configuration has been moved into the per-repository ref store structure. * ps/refs-wo-the-repository: refs: remove remaining uses of `the_repository` worktree: pass repository to public functions worktree: pass repository to file-local functions worktree: refactor code to use available repositories refs/files: drop `USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE` refs/packed: de-globalize handling of "core.packedRefsTimeout"
2026-07-27Merge branch 'jc/submodule-helper-avoid-zu'Junio C Hamano1-1/+2
An accidental use of the '%zu' format specifier in 'git submodule--helper' has been corrected to use 'PRIuMAX' and cast the value to 'uintmax_t' to avoid portability issues. * jc/submodule-helper-avoid-zu: submodule--helper: avoid use of %zu for now
2026-07-27Merge branch 'ps/shift-root-in-graph'Junio C Hamano11-48/+1032
'git log --graph' has been modified to visually distinguish parentless 'root' commits (and commits that become roots due to history simplification) by indenting them, preventing them from appearing falsely related to unrelated commits rendered immediately above them. * ps/shift-root-in-graph: graph: add --[no-]graph-indent and log.graphIndent graph: move config reading into graph_read_config() graph: wrap cascading commits after 4 columns graph: indent visual root in graph graph: add a 2 commit buffer for lookahead revision: add next_commit_to_show() lib-log-graph: move check_graph function
2026-07-26rebase: remember fixup -c after skipping fixup/squashPhillip Wood2-4/+63
When the final command in a chain of "fixup" and "squash" commands is skipped, we should prompt the user to edit the commit message if the chain contains a "fixup -c" command that was not skipped. Unfortunately, commit_staged_changes() only looks for completed "squash" commands and so does not prompt the user to edit the message. Fix this by recording whether a fixup command has the "-c" flag set and then checking whether we have seen either a "fixup -c" or a "squash" command. Add regression tests for skipping a command in the middle of the chain (which currently works but has no test coverage), and for skipping the final command (which is fixed by this patch). Signed-off-by: Phillip Wood <phillip.wood@dunelm.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-26rebase -i: fix counting of fixups after rebase --skipPhillip Wood2-5/+42
When the sequencer processes a chain of "fixup" and "squash" commands it keeps a list of the commands that have been executed. If there are conflicts, then the list is saved when the rebase stops for the user to resolve them. When the rebase resumes, the list is loaded and is used to initialize the count of how many "fixup" and "squash" commands have been processed; if a command has been skipped with "git rebase --skip", then the last command needs to be popped off the end of the list. To count the number of commands, commit_staged_changes() uses the number of newlines in the file plus one. This is due to the slightly unusual way the list is constructed - instead of appending a newline when a command is added, a newline is inserted before the command if the current count is greater than zero. Therefore, when we pop a skipped command off the list, we should also remove the newline that precedes it. Otherwise, when a new command is added, a blank line will be left before it, which will contribute to the fixup count the next time the file is read. Unfortunately, the preceding newline is not removed, leading to an incorrect count. Fix this by removing the newline that appears before the skipped command. In addition to fixing the code that removes a skipped command from the list, the code that reads the list is fixed to skip blank lines. We have had reports of users starting a rebase with one version of git and continuing it with another. Often this happens because the version of git bundled with an IDE or TUI differs from the one used at the command line. By fixing both the reading and writing ends of the problem we ensure the count is correct when an older version of git reads the fixup file written by a newer version and vice versa. Triggering the incorrect count requires the user to skip two "fixup" or "squash" commands before the final command in the chain. An existing test is extended to prevent future regressions. The consequence of miscounting is not serious: we just print the wrong count in the header of the commit message template. Signed-off-by: Phillip Wood <phillip.wood@dunelm.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-26ci: bump ubuntu image version for static-analysis jobJeff King2-3/+3
We recently ran into a case[1] where old versions of coccinelle ran very slowly, but newer ones are fine. The version we use in GitHub's CI was the old slow version, leading to timeouts of the static-analysis job. We get the old version because we ask for the ubuntu-22.04 image. That has coccinelle 1.1.1, but the "fast" improvement is in coccinelle 1.3.0, specifically their 58619b8fe (break up envs for e1 & e2, 2024-08-18). Bumping to ubuntu-25.10 would be enough to get that new version. But I don't see any need to ask for a specific version at all. We originally used a specific version because coccinelle wasn't available in ubuntu 20.04, so we pinned to 18.04 in d051ed77ee (.github/workflows/main.yml: run static-analysis on bionic, 2021-02-08). Later that got bumped in ef46584831 (ci: update 'static-analysis' to Ubuntu 22.04, 2022-08-23) when 18.04 support was dropped. It seems like the absence of coccinelle was a blip in 20.04, and we can just stick with "latest" going forward. I tested the result on GitHub's CI. I bumped the matching line in the GitLab definition, but didn't have a simple means of testing (but it's such a trivial change nothing could go wrong, right?). [1] https://lore.kernel.org/git/20260724091152.27794-2-tnyman@openai.com/ Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-26bloom: silence CHECK_ASSERTION_SIDE_EFFECTS false positiveJeff King1-3/+3
Using gcc 15, compiling with CHECK_ASSERTION_SIDE_EFFECTS=1 causes a complaint about this line in bloom.c having a side effect: assert(version == 1 || version == 2); I think this is pretty clearly a false positive, as those comparisons should not have side effects. The side-effect checker uses a magic definition of assert() that relies on the compiler's optimizer to drop a reference to an otherwise unused variable. And for whatever reason, gcc chooses not to do so here under -O2 (side note: if you have -O0 in your CFLAGS, that naturally creates many more false positives!). This code has been around for a while, but nobody seems to have noticed because we use an older version of the compiler in our static-analysis ci job, and it does not complain. Presumably very few people run this check locally on their more modern compilers. Let's silence the false positive to avoid confusion for anyone running locally, and to make it possible to upgrade the image we use for our static-analysis job. We could just switch to our custom ASSERT() here, but I think we can improve the code by integrating the assertion into the if/else cascade. That avoids repeating the logic about which versions are acceptable. Signed-off-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-25Merge branch 'ps/cat-file-remote-object-info' into ↵Junio C Hamano23-91/+1444
ps/cat-file-remote-object-info-type * ps/cat-file-remote-object-info: cat-file: make remote-object-info allow-list adapt to the server cat-file: add remote-object-info to batch-command transport: add client support for object-info serve: advertise object-info feature protocol-caps: check object existence regardless of the attributes requested fetch-pack: move fetch initialization connect: make write_fetch_command_and_capabilities() more generic fetch-pack: move write_fetch_command_and_capabilities() to connect.c fetch-pack: use unsigned int for hash_algo variable fetch-pack: drop the static advertise_sid variable t1006: extract helper functions into new 'lib-cat-file.sh' cat-file: declare loop counter inside for() transport-helper: fix memory leak of helper on disconnect
2026-07-25remote: plug memory leaksJunio C Hamano1-2/+9
The in-core data structure used to keep track of 'url.<real>.{insteadOf,pushInsteadOf} = <alias>' settings is not properly cleaned up when the process is done with it. 'struct rewrites' is embedded in 'remote_state' and serves as the top level of the rewrite data. This holds an array of a variable number of pointers to 'struct rewrite' allocated individually on the heap. Each 'struct rewrite' holds a '.base' string and an array of 'struct counted_string' called '.instead_of', which is allocated contiguously on the heap. Each 'struct counted_string' has a pointer to a string allocated on the heap. Amid these pointers, rewrites_release() fails to free everything other than 'struct rewrite''s '.base' member and the 'struct rewrite' instances themselves. Fix rewrites_release() to also free the contiguous array storing '.instead_of', the string pointers within each '.instead_of' element, and each 'struct rewrite' instance individually allocated on the heap. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-25branch: report active bisect run when rejecting deleteRené Scharfe4-25/+72
git branch refuses to delete branches that are currently checked out with a message like this: "error: cannot delete branch 'foo' used by worktree at '/path/of/worktree'". This can be confusing if it's an internal checkout for git bisect. Report a more specific error in that case to help users that might have forgotten their bisect run. Suggested-by: stsp <stsp2@yandex.ru> Signed-off-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-24builtin/clone: fix segfault when using --revision with protocol v0Adrian Friedli2-1/+9
Servers supporting protocol v2 do not advertise excess refs and honor `transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes` when $ git clone --revision=refs/heads/main $URL contacts them, but when talking to a server that does not support protocol v2 the client segfaults. This can also be observed when v0 is enforced for example by $ git -c protocol.version=0 clone --revision=refs/heads/main $URL In the protocol v2 case the server honors `transport_ls_refs_options.ref_prefixes` and in `cmd_clone()` the linked list `refs` returned by `transport_get_remote_refs()` only contains a single item, which is the ref requested with the --revision argument. Both `remote_head` returned by `find_ref_by_name()` and `remote_head_points_at` returned by `guess_remote_head()` are NULL. The guard in `update_remote_refs()` skips a the affected code because `remote_head_points_at` is NULL. In the protocol v0 case in `cmd_clone()` the linked list `refs` returned by `transport_get_remote_refs()` contains many items, amongst others "HEAD". `remote_head` returned by `find_ref_by_name()` is not NULL and `remote_head_points_at` returned by `guess_remote_head()` is not NULL but its field `peer_ref` is NULL. Because `remote_head_points_at` is not NULL the guard in `update_remote_refs()` does not skip the affected code and `remote_head_points_at->peer_ref->name` is accessed, which causes a segfault later on. Signed-off-by: Adrian Friedli <adrian.friedli@mt.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-24cat-file: make remote-object-info allow-list adapt to the serverPablo Sabater5-35/+113
The static allow-list in expand_atom() is hardcoded to allow only "objectname" and "objectsize" for remote queries. This works because, up to this point, servers will either support object-info with name and size or they do not support them at all. As object-info gains new capabilities, we cannot expect different servers with different Git versions to have the same object-info capabilities. Therefore, the client needs to adapt its allow-list to what the server advertises. The client now: 1. Requests the protocol option that the placeholder refers to (i.e. "size" for "%(objectsize)"). 2. Drops any requested option that the server does not advertise in fetch_object_info(). 3. Maps the remaining advertised options back to their placeholders and populates remote_allowed_atoms. 4. Uses remote_allowed_atoms in expand_atom(), preserving the previous behavior for supported placeholders. For example, if the client requests "%(objectsize) %(objecttype)" and the server only supports 'size', then the client only requests 'size'. The server returns the size (i.e "42") "%(objectsize)" is expanded normally while "%(objecttype)" expands to an empty string: "42 " Note that the empty string expansion is only for known but unsupported placeholders. "%(objectcolor)" which doesn't exist would die(). This honors what for-each-ref does for known but inapplicable atoms (placeholders). Move object_info_options out of get_remote_info() so the caller which has data can select what options will be requested instead of requesting always size. Move batch_object_write() out so output is always produced. If there are no supported attributes, the output is a blank line. Include "type" in the object_info_options even though the client does not yet know how to parse the server's "type" capability. As a result, "type" is always filtered out, allowing the tests to verify that known but unsupported placeholders expand to an empty string. Since the filter removes options by swapping with the last element, the list is no longer kept sorted. Drop the pre-sort in fetch_object_info_via_pack() and use the unsorted string_list lookup for the response header. This has no effect in performance as the list can only be two entries long ('size' and 'type'). Mentored-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com> Mentored-by: Chandra Pratap <chandrapratap3519@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-24cat-file: add remote-object-info to batch-commandEric Ju6-7/+930
Since the info command in cat-file --batch-command prints object info for a given object, it is natural to add another command in cat-file --batch-command to print object info for a given object from a remote. Add remote-object-info command to cat-file --batch-command. While info takes object ids one at a time, this creates overhead when making requests to a server. So remote-object-info instead can take multiple object ids at once. The cat-file --batch-command command is generally implemented in the following manner: - Receive and parse input from user - Call respective function attached to command - Get object info, print object info In --buffer mode, this changes to: - Receive and parse input from user - Store respective function attached to command in a queue - After flush, loop through commands in queue - Call respective function attached to command - Get object info, print object info Notice how the getting and printing of object info is accomplished one at a time. As described above, this creates a problem for making requests to a server. Therefore, remote-object-info is implemented in the following manner: - Receive and parse input from user If command is remote-object-info: - Get object info from remote - Loop through and print each object info Else: - Call respective function attached to command - Parse input, get object info, print object info And finally for --buffer mode remote-object-info: - Receive and parse input from user - Store respective function attached to command in a queue - After flush, loop through commands in queue: If command is remote-object-info: - Get object info from remote - Loop through and print each object info Else: - Call respective function attached to command - Get object info, print object info To summarize, remote-object-info gets object info from the remote and then loops through the object info passed in, printing the info. In order for remote-object-info to avoid remote communication overhead in the non-buffer mode, the objects are passed in as such: remote-object-info <remote> <oid> <oid> ... <oid> rather than remote-object-info <remote> <oid> remote-object-info <remote> <oid> ... remote-object-info <remote> <oid> Placeholders in the format are validated against an allow-list of the atoms the remote path supports: "objectname" and "objectsize". Unsupported atoms expand to an empty string, honoring how for-each-ref handles known but inapplicable atoms. Without this, atoms like %(objecttype) would mark data->info.typep and because the server only sends size, type_name() would later crash. As extra safety, even outside of the remote path, initialize expand_data's type to OBJ_BAD and handle type_name() returning NULL. Helped-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Helped-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Mentored-by: Karthik Nayak <karthik.188@gmail.com> Mentored-by: Chandra Pratap <chandrapratap3519@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Ju <eric.peijian@gmail.com> [pablo: added the atom allow-list validation] Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-24transport: add client support for object-infoCalvin Wan9-0/+240
Sometimes, it is beneficial to retrieve information about an object without downloading it entirely. The server-side logic for this functionality was implemented in commit "a2ba162cda (object-info: support for retrieving object info, 2021-04-20)." And the wire format is documented at https://git-scm.com/docs/protocol-v2#_object_info. Introduce client-side support for the object-info capability. Add its own function for object-info separate from existing fetch infrastructure. Currently, the client supports requesting a list of OIDs with the size attribute from a v2 server. If the server does not advertise this feature (i.e., transfer.advertiseobjectinfo is set to false), the client returns an error and exits. Note that: 1. The entire request is written into req_buf before being sent to the remote. This approach follows the pattern used in the send_fetch_request() logic within 'fetch-pack.c'. Streaming the request is not addressed in this patch. 2. A new field 'unrecognized' has been added to object_info. This new field is set at fetch_object_info() when the object is unrecognized by the server. Helped-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Helped-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Ju <eric.peijian@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-07-24serve: advertise object-info featureCalvin Wan1-1/+4
In order for a client to know what object-info components a server can provide, advertise supported object-info features. This allows a client to decide whether to query the server for object-info or fetch as a fallback. Helped-by: Jonathan Tan <jonathantanmy@google.com> Helped-by: Christian Couder <chriscool@tuxfamily.org> Signed-off-by: Calvin Wan <calvinwan@google.com> Signed-off-by: Eric Ju <eric.peijian@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>