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2026-03-13csum-file: introduce `hashfd_ext()`Patrick Steinhardt2-9/+27
Introduce a new `hashfd_ext()` function that takes an options structure. This function will replace `hashd_throughput()` in the next commit. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13sideband: use writev(3p) to send pktlinesPatrick Steinhardt1-3/+11
Every pktline that we send out via `send_sideband()` currently requires two syscalls: one to write the pktline's length, and one to send its data. This typically isn't all that much of a problem, but under extreme load the syscalls may cause contention in the kernel. Refactor the code to instead use the newly introduced writev(3p) infra so that we can send out the data with a single syscall. This reduces the number of syscalls from around 133,000 calls to write(3p) to around 67,000 calls to writev(3p). Suggested-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13wrapper: introduce writev(3p) wrappersPatrick Steinhardt4-0/+59
In the preceding commit we have added a compatibility wrapper for the writev(3p) syscall. Introduce some generic wrappers for this function that we nowadays take for granted in the Git codebase. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13compat/posix: introduce writev(3p) wrapperPatrick Steinhardt5-0/+65
In a subsequent commit we're going to add the first caller to writev(3p). Introduce a compatibility wrapper for this syscall that we can use on systems that don't have this syscall. The syscall exists on modern Unixes like Linux and macOS, and seemingly even for NonStop according to [1]. It doesn't seem to exist on Windows though. [1]: http://nonstoptools.com/manuals/OSS-SystemCalls.pdf [2]: https://www.gnu.org/software/gnulib/manual/html_node/writev.html Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13upload-pack: reduce lock contention when writing packfile dataPatrick Steinhardt1-0/+7
In our production systems we have recently observed write contention in git-upload-pack(1). The system in question was consistently streaming packfiles at a rate of dozens of gigabits per second, but curiously the system was neither bottlenecked on CPU, memory or IOPS. We eventually discovered that Git was spending 80% of its time in `pipe_write()`, out of which almost all of the time was spent in the `ep_poll_callback` function in the kernel. Quoting the reporter: This infrastructure is part of an event notification queue designed to allow for multiple producers to emit events, but that concurrency safety is guarded by 3 layers of locking. The layer we're hitting contention in uses a simple reader/writer lock mode (a.k.a. shared versus exclusive mode), where producers need shared-mode (read mode), and various other actions use exclusive (write) mode. The system in question generates workloads where we have hundreds of git-upload-pack(1) processes active at the same point in time. These processes end up contending around those locks, and the consequence is that the Git processes stall. Now git-upload-pack(1) already has the infrastructure in place to buffer some of the data it reads from git-pack-objects(1) before actually sending it out. We only use this infrastructure in very limited ways though, so we generally end up matching one read(3p) call with one write(3p) call. Even worse, when the sideband is enabled we end up matching one read with _two_ writes: one for the pkt-line length, and one for the packfile data. Extend our use of the buffering infrastructure so that we soak up bytes until the buffer is filled up at least 2/3rds of its capacity. The change is relatively simple to implement as we already know to flush the buffer in `create_pack_file()` after git-pack-objects(1) has finished. This significantly reduces the number of write(3p) syscalls we need to do. Before this change, cloning the Linux repository resulted in around 400,000 write(3p) syscalls. With the buffering in place we only do around 130,000 syscalls. Now we could of course go even further and make sure that we always fill up the whole buffer. But this might cause an increase in read(3p) syscalls, and some tests show that this only reduces the number of write(3p) syscalls from 130,000 to 100,000. So overall this doesn't seem worth it. Note that the issue could also be fixed by adapting the write buffer that we use in the downstream git-pack-objects(1) command, and such a change would have roughly the same result. But the command that generates the packfile data may not always be git-pack-objects(1) as it can be changed via "uploadpack.packObjectsHook", so such a fix would only help in _some_ cases. Regardless of that, we'll also adapt the write buffer size of git-pack-objects(1) in a subsequent commit. Helped-by: Matt Smiley <msmiley@gitlab.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13upload-pack: prefer flushing data over sending keepalivePatrick Steinhardt1-6/+15
When using the sideband in git-upload-pack(1) we know to send out keepalive packets in case generating the pack takes too long. These keepalives take the form of a simple empty pktline. In the preceding commit we have adapted git-upload-pack(1) to buffer data more aggressively before sending it to the client. This creates an obvious optimization opportunity: when we hit the keepalive timeout while we still hold on to some buffered data, then it makes more sense to flush out the data instead of sending the empty keepalive packet. This is overall not going to be a significant win. Most keepalives will come before the pack data starts, and once pack-objects starts producing data, it tends to do so pretty consistently. And of course we can't send data before we see the PACK header, because the whole point is to buffer the early bit waiting for packfile URIs. But the optimization is easy enough to realize. Do so and flush out data instead of sending an empty pktline. Suggested-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13upload-pack: adapt keepalives based on bufferingPatrick Steinhardt1-9/+40
The function `create_pack_file()` is responsible for sending the packfile data to the client of git-upload-pack(1). As generating the bytes may take significant computing resources we also have a mechanism in place that optionally sends keepalive pktlines in case we haven't sent out any data. The keepalive logic is purely based poll(3p): we pass a timeout to that syscall, and if the call times out we send out the keepalive pktline. While reasonable, this logic isn't entirely sufficient: even if the call to poll(3p) ends because we have received data on any of the file descriptors we may not necessarily send data to the client. The most important edge case here happens in `relay_pack_data()`. When we haven't seen the initial "PACK" signature from git-pack-objects(1) yet we buffer incoming data. So in the worst case, if each of the bytes of that signature arrive shortly before the configured keepalive timeout, then we may not send out any data for a time period that is (almost) four times as long as the configured timeout. This edge case is rather unlikely to matter in practice. But in a subsequent commit we're going to adapt our buffering mechanism to become more aggressive, which makes it more likely that we don't send any data for an extended amount of time. Adapt the logic so that instead of using a fixed timeout on every call to poll(3p), we instead figure out how much time has passed since the last-sent data. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13upload-pack: fix debug statement when flushing packfile dataPatrick Steinhardt1-3/+1
When git-upload-pack(1) writes packfile data to the client we have some logic in place that buffers some partial lines. When that buffer still contains data after git-pack-objects(1) has finished we flush the buffer so that all remaining bytes are sent out. Curiously, when we do so we also print the string "flushed." to stderr. This statement has been introduced in b1c71b7281 (upload-pack: avoid sending an incomplete pack upon failure, 2006-06-20), so quite a while ago. What's interesting though is that stderr is typically spliced through to the client-side, and consequently the client would see this message. Munging the way how we do the caching indeed confirms this: $ git clone file:///home/pks/Development/linux/ Cloning into bare repository 'linux.git'... remote: Enumerating objects: 12980346, done. remote: Counting objects: 100% (131820/131820), done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (50290/50290), done. remote: Total 12980346 (delta 96319), reused 104500 (delta 81217), pack-reused 12848526 (from 1) Receiving objects: 100% (12980346/12980346), 3.23 GiB | 57.44 MiB/s, done. flushed. Resolving deltas: 100% (10676718/10676718), done. It's quite clear that this string shouldn't ever be visible to the client, so it rather feels like this is a left-over debug statement. The menitoned commit doesn't mention this line, either. Remove the debug output to prepare for a change in how we do the buffering in the next commit. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-13t0410: modernize delete_object helperSiddharth Shrimali1-1/+4
The delete_object helper currently relies on a manual sed command to calculate object paths. This works, but it's a bit brittle and forces us to maintain shell logic that Git's own test suite can already handle more elegantly. Switch to 'test_oid_to_path' to let Git handle the path logic. This makes the helper hash independent, which is much cleaner than manual string manipulation. While at it, use 'local' to declare helper-specific variables and quote them to follow Git's coding style. This prevents them from leaking into global shell scope and avoids potential naming conflicts with other parts of the test suite. Helped-by: Pushkar Singh <pushkarkumarsingh1970@gmail.com> Suggested-by: Jeff King <peff@peff.net> Signed-off-by: Siddharth Shrimali <r.siddharth.shrimali@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12fast-import: add mode to sign commits with invalid signaturesJustin Tobler6-79/+196
With git-fast-import(1), handling of signed commits is controlled via the `--signed-commits=<mode>` option. When an invalid signature is encountered, a user may want the option to sign the commit again as opposed to just stripping the signature. To facilitate this, introduce a "sign-if-invalid" mode for the `--signed-commits` option. Optionally, a key ID may be explicitly provided in the form `sign-if-invalid[=<keyid>]` to specify which signing key should be used when signing invalid commit signatures. Note that to properly support interoperability mode when signing commit signatures, the commit buffer must be created in both the repository and compatability object formats to generate the appropriate signatures accordingly. As currently implemented, the commit buffer for the compatability object format is not reconstructed and thus signing commits in interoperability mode is not yet supported. Support may be added in the future. Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12gpg-interface: allow sign_buffer() to use default signing keyJustin Tobler5-21/+29
The `sign_commit_to_strbuf()` helper in "commit.c" provides fallback logic to get the default configured signing key when a key is not provided and handles generating the commit signature accordingly. This signing operation is not really specific to commits as any arbitrary buffer can be signed. Also, in a subsequent commit, this same logic is reused by git-fast-import(1) when signing commits with invalid signatures. Remove the `sign_commit_to_strbuf()` helper from "commit.c" and extend `sign_buffer()` in "gpg-interface.c" to support using the default key as a fallback when the `SIGN_BUFFER_USE_DEFAULT_KEY` flag is provided. Call sites are updated accordingly. Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12commit: remove unused forward declarationJustin Tobler1-2/+0
In 6206089cbd (commit: write commits for both hashes, 2023-10-01), `sign_with_header()` was removed, but its forward declaration in "commit.h" was left. Remove the unused declaration. Signed-off-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12transport-helper, connect: use clean_on_exit to reap children on abnormal exitAndrew Au2-0/+6
When a long-running service (e.g., a source indexer) runs as PID 1 inside a container and repeatedly spawns git, git may in turn spawn child processes such as git-remote-https or ssh. If git exits abnormally (e.g., via exit(128) on a transport error), the normal cleanup paths (disconnect_helper, finish_connect) are bypassed, and these children are never waited on. The children are reparented to PID 1, which does not reap them, so they accumulate as zombies over time. Set clean_on_exit and wait_after_clean on child_process structs in both transport-helper.c and connect.c so that the existing run-command cleanup infrastructure handles reaping on any exit path. This avoids rolling custom atexit handlers that call finish_command(), which could deadlock if the child is blocked waiting for the parent to close a pipe. The clean_on_exit mechanism sends SIGTERM first, then waits, ensuring the child terminates promptly. It also handles signal-based exits, not just atexit. Signed-off-by: Andrew Au <cshung@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12The 16th batchJunio C Hamano1-0/+10
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ps/odb-sources'Junio C Hamano23-354/+953
The object source API is getting restructured to allow plugging new backends. * ps/odb-sources: odb/source: make `begin_transaction()` function pluggable odb/source: make `write_alternate()` function pluggable odb/source: make `read_alternates()` function pluggable odb/source: make `write_object_stream()` function pluggable odb/source: make `write_object()` function pluggable odb/source: make `freshen_object()` function pluggable odb/source: make `for_each_object()` function pluggable odb/source: make `read_object_stream()` function pluggable odb/source: make `read_object_info()` function pluggable odb/source: make `close()` function pluggable odb/source: make `reprepare()` function pluggable odb/source: make `free()` function pluggable odb/source: introduce source type for robustness odb: move reparenting logic into respective subsystems odb: embed base source in the "files" backend odb: introduce "files" source odb: split `struct odb_source` into separate header
2026-03-12Merge branch 'hn/status-compare-with-push'Junio C Hamano3-37/+520
"git status" learned to show comparison between the current branch and various other branches listed on status.compareBranches configuration. * hn/status-compare-with-push: status: clarify how status.compareBranches deduplicates status: add status.compareBranches config for multiple branch comparisons refactor format_branch_comparison in preparation
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ds/for-each-repo-w-worktree'Junio C Hamano4-24/+77
"git for-each-repo" started from a secondary worktree did not work as expected, which has been corrected. * ds/for-each-repo-w-worktree: for-each-repo: simplify passing of parameters for-each-repo: work correctly in a worktree run-command: extract sanitize_repo_env helper for-each-repo: test outside of repo context
2026-03-12The 15th batchJunio C Hamano1-0/+24
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12Merge branch 'sp/send-email-validate-charset'Junio C Hamano2-4/+23
"git send-email" has learned to be a bit more careful when it accepts charset to use from the end-user, to avoid 'y' (mistaken 'yes' when expecting a charset like 'UTF-8') and other nonsense. * sp/send-email-validate-charset: send-email: validate charset name in 8bit encoding prompt
2026-03-12Merge branch 'dt/send-email-client-cert'Junio C Hamano3-11/+71
"git send-email" learns to support use of client-side certificates. * dt/send-email-client-cert: send-email: add client certificate options
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ps/ci-gitlab-prepare-for-macos-14-deprecation'Junio C Hamano2-36/+46
Move gitlab CI from macOS 14 images that are being deprecated. * ps/ci-gitlab-prepare-for-macos-14-deprecation: gitlab-ci: update to macOS 15 images meson: detect broken iconv that requires ICONV_RESTART_RESET meson: simplify iconv-emits-BOM check
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ag/send-email-sasl-with-host-port'Junio C Hamano1-0/+2
"git send-email" learns to pass hostname/port to Authen::SASL module. * ag/send-email-sasl-with-host-port: send-email: pass smtp hostname and port to Authen::SASL
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ss/t9123-setup-inside-test-expect-success'Junio C Hamano1-6/+9
Test clean-up. * ss/t9123-setup-inside-test-expect-success: t9123: use test_when_finished for cleanup
2026-03-12Merge branch 'sk/oidmap-clear-with-custom-free-func'Junio C Hamano4-6/+88
A bit of OIDmap API enhancement and cleanup. * sk/oidmap-clear-with-custom-free-func: builtin/rev-list: migrate missing_objects cleanup to oidmap_clear_with_free() oidmap: make entry cleanup explicit in oidmap_clear
2026-03-12Merge branch 'jt/doc-submitting-patches-study-before-sending'Junio C Hamano1-0/+13
Doc update for our contributors. * jt/doc-submitting-patches-study-before-sending: Documentation: extend guidance for submitting patches
2026-03-12Merge branch 'os/doc-custom-subcommand-on-path'Junio C Hamano1-0/+8
The way end-users can add their own "git <cmd>" subcommand by storing "git-<cmd>" in a directory on their $PATH has not been documented clearly, which has been corrected. * os/doc-custom-subcommand-on-path: doc: add information regarding external commands
2026-03-12Merge branch 'ss/t3700-modernize'Junio C Hamano1-18/+31
Test clean-up. * ss/t3700-modernize: t3700: use test_grep helper for better diagnostics t3700: avoid suppressing git's exit code
2026-03-12Merge branch 'lp/doc-gitprotocol-pack-fixes'Junio C Hamano1-8/+10
Doc update. * lp/doc-gitprotocol-pack-fixes: doc: gitprotocol-pack: normalize italic formatting doc: gitprotocol-pack: improve paragraphs structure doc: gitprotocol-pack: fix pronoun-antecedent agreement
2026-03-12Merge branch 'kj/path-micro-code-cleanup'Junio C Hamano1-7/+6
Code clean-up. * kj/path-micro-code-cleanup: path: remove redundant function calls path: use size_t for dir_prefix length path: remove unused header
2026-03-12Merge branch 'bc/sha1-256-interop-02'Junio C Hamano25-81/+1734
The code to maintain mapping between object names in multiple hash functions is being added, written in Rust. * bc/sha1-256-interop-02: object-file-convert: always make sure object ID algo is valid rust: add a small wrapper around the hashfile code rust: add a new binary object map format rust: add functionality to hash an object rust: add a build.rs script for tests rust: fix linking binaries with cargo hash: expose hash context functions to Rust write-or-die: add an fsync component for the object map csum-file: define hashwrite's count as a uint32_t rust: add additional helpers for ObjectID hash: add a function to look up hash algo structs rust: add a hash algorithm abstraction rust: add a ObjectID struct hash: use uint32_t for object_id algorithm conversion: don't crash when no destination algo repository: require Rust support for interoperability
2026-03-12t9200: replace test -f with modern path helperPablo Sabater1-1/+1
Replace old style 'test -f' with helper 'test_path_is_file', which make debugging a failing test easier by loudly reporting what expectation was not met. Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12builtin/mktree: remove USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLETian Yuchen1-10/+9
The 'cmd_mktree()' function already receives a 'struct repository *repo' pointer, but it was previously marked as UNUSED. Pass the 'repo' pointer down to 'mktree_line()' and 'write_tree()'. Consequently, remove the 'USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE' macro, replace usages of 'the_repository', and swap 'parse_oid_hex()' with its context-aware version 'parse_oid_hex_algop()'. This refactoring is safe because 'cmd_mktree()' is registered with the 'RUN_SETUP' flag in 'git.c', which guarantees that the command is executed within a initialized repository, ensuring that the passed 'repo' pointer is never 'NULL'. Signed-off-by: Tian Yuchen <cat@malon.dev> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12odb: introduce generic object countingPatrick Steinhardt7-40/+64
Similar to the preceding commit, introduce counting of objects on the object database level, replacing the logic that we have in `repo_approximate_object_count()`. Note that the function knows to cache the object count. It's unclear whether this cache is really required as we shouldn't have that many cases where we count objects repeatedly. But to be on the safe side the caching mechanism is retained, with the only excepting being that we also have to use the passed flags as caching key. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12odb/source: introduce generic object countingPatrick Steinhardt4-2/+60
Introduce generic object counting on the object database source level with a new backend-specific callback function. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12object-file: generalize counting objectsPatrick Steinhardt4-25/+53
Generalize the function introduced in the preceding commit to not only be able to approximate the number of loose objects, but to also provide an accurate count. The behaviour can be toggled via a new flag. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12object-file: extract logic to approximate object countPatrick Steinhardt3-27/+62
In "builtin/gc.c" we have some logic that checks whether we need to repack objects. This is done by counting the number of objects that we have and checking whether it exceeds a certain threshold. We don't really need an accurate object count though, which is why we only open a single object directory shard and then extrapolate from there. Extract this logic into a new function that is owned by the loose object database source. This is done to prepare for a subsequent change, where we'll introduce object counting on the object database source level. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12packfile: extract logic to count number of objectsPatrick Steinhardt2-10/+44
In a subsequent commit we're about to introduce a new `odb_source_count_objects()` function so that we can make the logic pluggable. Prepare for this change by extracting the logic that we have to count packed objects into a standalone function. Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12odb: stop including "odb/source.h"Patrick Steinhardt8-52/+56
The "odb.h" header currently includes the "odb/source.h" file. This is somewhat roundabout though: most callers shouldn't have to care about the `struct odb_source`, but should rather use the ODB-level functions. Furthermore, it means that a couple of definitions have to live on the source level even though they should be part of the generic interface. Reverse the relation between "odb/source.h" and "odb.h" and move the enums and typedefs that relate to the generic interfaces back into "odb.h". Add the necessary includes to all files that rely on the transitive include. Suggested-by: Justin Tobler <jltobler@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12run-command: wean auto_maintenance() functions off the_repositoryBurak Kaan Karaçay8-16/+21
The prepare_auto_maintenance() relies on the_repository to read configurations. Since run_auto_maintenance() calls prepare_auto_maintenance(), it also implicitly depends the_repository. Add 'struct repository *' as a parameter to both functions and update all callers to pass the_repository. With no global repository dependencies left in this file, remove the USE_THE_REPOSITORY_VARIABLE macro. Suggested-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Burak Kaan Karaçay <bkkaracay@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-12run-command: wean start_command() off the_repositoryBurak Kaan Karaçay4-10/+14
The start_command() relies on the_repository due to the close_object_store flag in 'struct child_process'. When this flag is set, start_command() closes the object store associated with the_repository before spawning a child process. To eliminate this dependency, replace the 'close_object_store' with the new 'struct object_database *odb_to_close' field. This allows callers to specify the object store that needs to be closed. Suggested-by: René Scharfe <l.s.r@web.de> Signed-off-by: Burak Kaan Karaçay <bkkaracay@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11imap-send: move common code into function host_matches()Beat Bolli1-7/+9
Move the ASN1_STRING access, the associated cast and the check for embedded NUL bytes into host_matches() to simplify both callers. Reformulate the NUL check using memchr() and add a comment to make it more obvious what it is about. Signed-off-by: Beat Bolli <dev+git@drbeat.li> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11imap-send: use the OpenSSL API to access the subject common nameBeat Bolli1-5/+12
The OpenSSL 4.0 master branch has deprecated the X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID function. Use the recommended replacement APIs instead. They have existed since OpenSSL v1.1.0. Take care to get the constness right for pre-4.0 versions. Signed-off-by: Beat Bolli <dev+git@drbeat.li> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11imap-send: use the OpenSSL API to access the subject alternative namesBeat Bolli1-3/+7
The OpenSSL 4.0 master branch has made the ASN1_STRING structure opaque, forbidding access to its internal fields. Use the official accessor functions instead. They have existed since OpenSSL v1.1.0. Signed-off-by: Beat Bolli <dev+git@drbeat.li> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11t: allow use of "sed -E"Junio C Hamano2-2/+2
Since early 2019 with e62e225f (test-lint: only use only sed [-n] [-e command] [-f command_file], 2019-01-20), we have been trying to limit the options of "sed" we use in our tests to "-e <pattern>", "-n", and "-f <file>". Before the commit, we were trying to reject only "-i" (which is one of the really-not-portable options), but the commit explicitly wanted to reject use of "-E" (use ERE instead of BRE). The commit cites the then-current POSIX.1 (Issue 7, 2018 edition) to show that "even recent POSIX does not have it!", but the latest edition (Issue 8) documents "-E" as an option to use ERE. But that was 7 years ago, and that is a long time for many things to happen. Besides, we have been using "sed -E" without the check in question triggering in one of the scripts since 2022, with 461fec41 (bisect run: keep some of the post-v2.30.0 output, 2022-11-10). It was hidden because the 'E' was squished with another single letter option. t/t6030-bisect-porcelain.sh: sed -En 's/.*(bisect... This escaped the rather simple pattern used in the checker /\bsed\s+-[^efn]\s+/ and err 'sed option not portable...'; because -E did not appear as a singleton. Let's change the rule to allow the "-E" option, which nobody has complained against for the past 3 years. We rewrite our first use of the "-E" option so that it is caught by the old rule, primarily because we do not want to teach our mischievous developers how to smuggle in an unwanted option undetected by the test lint. And at the same time, loosen the pattern to allow "-E" the same way we allow "-n" and friends. Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11t9200: handle missing CVS with skip_allPablo Sabater1-7/+11
CVS initialization runs outside a test_expect_success and when it fails, the error report isn't good. Wrap CVS initialization in a skip_all check so when CVS initialization fails, the error report becomes clearer. Move the Git repo initialization into its own test_expect_success instead of being in the same CVS check. Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11help: cleanup the contruction of keys_uniqAmisha Chhajed2-51/+77
construction of keys_uniq depends on sort operation executed on keys before processing, which does not gurantee that keys_uniq will be sorted. refactor the code to shift the sort operation after the processing to remove dependency on key's sort operation and strictly maintain the sorted order of keys_uniq. move strbuf init and release out of loop to reuse same buffer. dedent sort -u and sed in tests and replace grep with sed, to avoid piping grep's output to sed. Suggested-by: Siddharth Shrimali <r.siddharth.shrimali@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Amisha Chhajed <amishhhaaaa@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11test-lib: print escape sequence namesPablo Sabater3-22/+53
When printing expected/actual characters in failed checks, use their names (\a, \b, \n, ...) instead of their octal representation, making it easier to read. Add tests to test-example-tap.c Update t0080-unit-test-output.sh to match the desired output Teach 'print_one_char()' the equivalent name Signed-off-by: Pablo Sabater <pabloosabaterr@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11submodule--helper: replace malloc with xmallocSiddharth Shrimali1-1/+1
The submodule_summary_callback() function currently uses a raw malloc() which could lead to a NULL pointer dereference. Standardize this by replacing malloc() with xmalloc() for error handling. To improve maintainability, use sizeof(*temp) instead of the struct name, and drop the typecast of void pointer assignment. Signed-off-by: Siddharth Shrimali <r.siddharth.shrimali@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11t3200: replace hardcoded null OID with $ZERO_OIDSiddharth Shrimali1-1/+2
To support the SHA-256 transition, replace the hardcoded 40-zero string in 'git branch --merged' with '$ZERO_OID'. The current 40-character string causes the test to fail prematurely in SHA-256 environments because Git identifies a "malformed object name" (due to the 40 vs 64 character mismatch) before it even validates the object type. By using '$ZERO_OID', we ensure the hash length is always correct for the active algorithm. Additionally, use 'test_grep' to verify the "must point to a commit" error message, ensuring the test validates the object type logic rather than just string syntax. Suggested-by: Patrick Steinhardt <ps@pks.im> Signed-off-by: Siddharth Shrimali <r.siddharth.shrimali@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>
2026-03-11list-objects-filter-options: avoid strbuf_split_str()Deveshi Dwivedi2-24/+20
parse_combine_filter() splits a combine: filter spec at '+' using strbuf_split_str(), which yields an array of strbufs with the delimiter left at the end of each non-final piece. The code then mutates each non-final piece to strip the trailing '+' before parsing. Allocating an array of strbufs is unnecessary. The function processes one sub-spec at a time and does not use strbuf editing on the pieces. The two helpers it calls, has_reserved_character() and parse_combine_subfilter(), only read the string content of the strbuf they receive. Walk the input string directly with strchrnul() to find each '+', copying each sub-spec into a reusable temporary buffer. The '+' delimiter is naturally excluded. Empty sub-specs (e.g. from a trailing '+') are silently skipped for consistency. Change the helpers to take const char * instead of struct strbuf *. The test that expected an error on a trailing '+' is removed, since that behavior was incorrect. Signed-off-by: Deveshi Dwivedi <deveshigurgaon@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>